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. 2024 Dec 18;66:62. doi: 10.1186/s13028-024-00782-6

Table 3.

Efficacy of GAA supplementation on the cumulative growth performance of broilers reared under HSD (d 1–35)

Stocking density (birds/m2) GAA (g/kg feed) BW (g) BWG (g) FI (g) FCR (g/g) Mortality (%) EPEF
LSD 0 2649.86b 2607.86b 3518.57a 1.34ab 7.14 521.02b
LSD 0.6 2741.14a 2699.14a 3474.86ab 1.29c 4.29 582.16a
HSD 0 2507.57d 2469.14d 3402.14b 1.38a 8.92 474.38c
HSD 0.6 2588.29c 2546.61c 3409.29b 1.34b 7.14 513.36bc
Pooled SEM 17.22 17.01 13.16 0.01 0.81 8.81
P value
 SD  < 0.001  < 0.001  < 0.001  < 0.001 0.153 < 0.001
 GAA  < 0.001  < 0.001 0.366  < 0.001 0.153 < 0.001
 SD × GAA 0.630 0.522 0.212 0.199 0.736 0.280

value in bold are statistically significant

LSD, Low stocking density; HSD, High stocking density; SD, Stocking density; GAA, Guanidinoacetic acid; BW, body weight; BWG, body weight gain; FI, feed intake; FCR, feed conversion ratio (g of feed/g of weight gain); EPEF, European Production Efficiency Factor = (livability × live weight (kg)/(age in days × FCR) × 100

a,b,c,dDifferent superscript letters in the same column indicate a significant difference (P < 0.05), Pooled SEM: total SEM