Table 3.
Standardized direct, indirect and total effect between variables in pathways of modified model
| Dependent variables | Effect size | Independent variables | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Optimistic | Resilience | Hope | Social support | Coping | Parenting stress | ||
| Resilience | Direct | 0.236 | - | - | - | - | - |
| Indirect | - | - | - | - | - | - | |
| Total | 0.236 | - | - | - | - | - | |
| Hope | Direct | 0.279 | 0.414 | - | - | - | - |
| Indirect | 0.098 | - | - | - | - | - | |
| Total | 0.376 | 0.414 | - | - | - | - | |
| Social support | Direct | 0.143 | 0.200 | 0.341 | - | - | - |
| Indirect | 0.175 | 0.141 | - | - | - | - | |
| Total | 0.318 | 0.341 | 0.341 | - | - | - | |
| Coping | Direct | - | 0.206 | 0.379 | - | - | - |
| Indirect | 0.191 | 0.157 | - | - | - | - | |
| Total | 0.191 | 0.363 | 0.379 | - | - | - | |
| Parenting stress | Direct | -0.166 | - | -0.319 | -0.191 | -0.145 | - |
| Indirect | -0.208 | -0.250 | -0.120 | - | - | - | |
| Total | -0.375 | -0.250 | -0.439 | -0.191 | -0.145 | ||
| Depression | Direct | - | - | -0.217 | - | - | 0.416 |
| Indirect | -0.237 | -0.194 | -0.182 | -0.080 | -0.060 | - | |
| Total | -0.237 | -0.194 | -0.400 | -0.080 | -0.060 | 0.416 | |