Fig 2. Effect of P. lividus gonadal extract on rotenone-induced neuroinflammation and its effect on levels of L-dopa and dopamine in nigrostriatal tissue of male rats.

Proinflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-1β) levels were measured. All the data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA Tukey Pairwise Comparisons. Values are expressed as mean ± SEM; n = 5 rats for each group. Different superscripts on the columns are significantly different at p≤0.05.