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. 2024 Dec 18;12:RP87369. doi: 10.7554/eLife.87369

Figure 2. Identification of cEV proteins differentially expressed in disease groups.

(A) Principal component analysis of cEV proteins differentially expressed in the plasma of patients with pancreatic diseases compared to controls. Each dot indicates one individual enrolled in the study: green, controls; blue, patients with intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm (IPMN); purple, patients with chronic pancreatitis (CP); salmon, early stage (stages I and II) pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC); red, late stage (stages III and IV) PDAC. (B) Volcano plot of circulating EV proteins enriched in the plasma of patients with PDAC versus benign pancreatic diseases. X-axis, log base 2 of fold changes; Y-axis, negative of the log base 10 of p values. (C) Heatmap of cEV proteins differentially expressed in the plasma of patients with pancreatic diseases compared to controls. Designations of clinical parameters were indicated at the top of the heatmap. (D) Expression of enriched cEV proteins in patients with PDAC (N=93) versus benign pancreatic diseases (N=20). Each dot indicates the target protein signal from one patient. Y-axis, normalized log base 2 of protein signals detected by mass spectrometry; Error bars, min and max values; lines in boxes, median values. * p≤0.05, ** p≤0.01, *** p≤0.001, **** p≤0.0001.

Figure 2.

Figure 2—figure supplement 1. Heatmap of abundance of 25 proteins enriched and 25 proteins reduced in EVs from PDAC patients compared to EVs from patients without cancer.

Figure 2—figure supplement 1.

Protein abundances were normalized across patients for each protein.
Figure 2—figure supplement 2. Network analyses of cEV proteins differentially expressed in PDAC compared to benign pancreatic diseases.

Figure 2—figure supplement 2.

(A) Functional association of proteins identified by STRING database. Red, cEV proteins enriched in PDAC patients as compared to benign pancreatic diseases. Green, cEV proteins decreased in patients with PDAC as compared to benign pancreatic diseases. Red, cEV proteins increased in PDAC as compared to benign pancreatic diseases. Thickness of lines indicate confidence of association. (B, C) Clustering of cEV protein pathways enriched (B) or downregulated (C) in PDAC cohorts. Pathways were identified using Gene Ontology database and REACTOME database.