Table A1.

Frost’s transition correlations and parameter ranges.

Modes of formation	Transition correlations	Parameter ranges
Droplet-Ligament	$$Q<1.52\left(\frac{\sigma \rho D}{{\mu }^2}\right)\left(\frac{\mu D}{\rho }\right)/{\left(\frac{\omega \rho D^2}{\mu }\right)}^{0.95}$$ (9)	$\begin{array}{l}Q=60-600\text{ ml}\cdot {\text{min}}^{-1}\hfill \\ \omega =477-\mathrm{9549 r}\cdot {\text{min}}^{-1}\hfill \\ D=0.04-0.12\text{ m}\hfill \\ \mu =0.001-0.022\text{ Pa}\cdot \text{s}\hfill \\ \rho =1000-1170\text{ kg}\cdot {\text{m}}^{-3}\hfill \\ \sigma =33-59\text{ mN}\cdot {\text{m}}^{-1}\hfill \end{array}$
Ligament	$$Q>0.46{\left(\frac{\sigma \rho D}{{\mu }^2}\right)}^{0.9}\left(\frac{\mu D}{\rho }\right)/{\left(\frac{\omega \rho D^2}{\mu }\right)}^{0.63}$$ (10)
Ligament-Sheet	$$Q>19.8{\left(\frac{\sigma \rho D}{{\mu }^2}\right)}^{0.9}\left(\frac{\mu D}{\rho }\right)/{\left(\frac{\omega \rho D^2}{\mu }\right)}^{0.84}$$ (11)