Figure 4.

Effects of overexpressing MdKAI2 on the main resistance indicators in apple calli. The following physicochemical indicators were detected: SOD, POD and CAT enzyme activity; total soluble protein, total soluble sugar, MDA, glycine betaine and proline contents; and electrical conductivity. Samples were collected after the transformed calli were cultured for 10 days. One−way ANOVA and multiple comparisons via Fisher’s LSD test were performed. Three independent experiments were conducted, and the individual points for each biological replicate are marked in each column. The different characters at the top of the columns indicate significant differences (p<0.05). The homoscedasticity and normal distribution of the data were confirmed by Levene’s test and the Shapiro−Wilk test, respectively.