Table 2.

Principal Component analysis on the features of behavioural complexity: proportion of variance, cumulative variances, and Eigenvalues of as well as factor loadings on the first two and three principal components for the simulation and the three pilot data-sets, respectively. Numbers in bold indicate loadings for which the absolute value was above a cut-off value of 0.3. We focused on interpreting loadings with values ≥ 0.3, however the remaining loadings were not neglected in the process of component calculation

Data-set Component No.	Transfor-mation	Simulation		Rats, individuals			Rats, groups			Hens, groups
		1 A	2 B	1	2	3	1	2	3	1	2	3
Proportion of variance [%]		59.64	27.68	39.74	18.92	13.39	46.86	15.13	12.78	45.54	20.54	14.60
Cumulative variance [%]		59.64	87.32	39.74	58.67	72.06	46.86	62.00	74.76	45.54	66.09	80.69
Eigenvalues		7.75	3.60	4.37	2.08	1.47	4.37	1.66	1.41	5.47	2.46	1.75
Number of observed behaviours	log	0.323	0.221	Const. 1	Const.	Const.	Const.	Const.	Const.	Const.	Const.	Const.
Number of observed transitions	log	0.345	0.137	(1) 2	(1)	(1)	(1)	(1)	(1)	(1)	(1)	(1)
Proportion of observed behaviours	arcsin–sqrt	Const.	Const.	Const.	Const.	Const.	Const.	Const.	Const.	Const.	Const.	Const.
Proportion of observed transitions	arcsin–sqrt	0.020	–0.417	0.416	0.160	0.177	0.407	0.044	0.092	0.327	0.131	0.155
Shannon diversity index (SDI) frequency behaviours	none	0.351	0.072	0.356	0.305	0.221	0.409	0.006	0.097	0.374	–0.035	0.271
SDI duration behaviours	none	0.352	0.045	0.233	–0.347	0.482	0.305	–0.274	–0.139	0.249	–0.409	–0.290
SDI frequency transitions	none	0.334	0.186	0.133	0.474	0.280	0.286	–0.136	0.356	0.311	–0.043	0.457
SDI duration transitions	none	0.343	0.118	0.145	–0.478	0.414	0.105	–0.708	–0.067	0.266	–0.512	–0.053
Variance within a transition	log	–0.239	0.194	0.164	–0.291	–0.337	–0.105	0.079	–0.625	–0.152	0.352	0.439
Variance between transitions	log	–0.242	0.319	–0.156	0.437	0.141	–0.220	0.307	0.516	–0.114	–0.268	0.376
Median number of transitions	none	–0.027	–0.477	0.388	0.072	0.061	0.383	–0.028	0.178	0.314	0.078	0.193
IQR 3 of the median number of transitions	none	–0.079	–0.386	0.366	–0.116	–0.081	0.240	0.172	–0.339	0.367	–0.060	–0.174
Median of the median transition duration	log	–0.293	0.250	–0.387	–0.112	0.332	–0.294	–0.464	0.160	–0.247	–0.448	0.146
IQR of the median of the median transition	log	–0.252	0.352	–0.350	0.001	0.428	–0.362	–0.237	0.057	–0.205	–0.369	0.424

^AGeneral Complexity

^BTransition variability

¹“Const.” indicates features that were (nearly) constant and showed no variability, i.e. all potential behavioural categories or transitions did occur.

²(1) The maximum number of possible transitions was constant; therefore, the number of transitions and the proportions of transitions are equivalent

³IQR=interquartile range.