Table 4.

Clinical trials on the application of ctDNA in the auxiliary diagnosis and prognosis prediction of glioma

Clinical trail no	Tumor	Diagnosis/Prognosis	Sample type	Sample size	Detection methods	Detection index
NCT05934630	Brain tumors	Auxiliary diagnosis	CSF samples	300	Genetic tests	Clonal mutations
NCT04539431	Gliomas	Auxiliary diagnosis	Blood and CSF	220	Real-time PCR	Mutations in ctDNA
NCT05964153	Gliomas	Auxiliary diagnosis	Blood	10	ddPCR	ctDNA mutations
NCT05541042	GBM	Auxiliary diagnosis	Tumor in situ fluid	50	/	ctDNA mutations
NCT05502991	GBM	Prognosis	Liquid within the surgical cavity	60	/	ctDNA mutations
NCT05927610	GBM	Auxiliary diagnosis	CSF	180	/	cfDNA concentration
NCT05695976	GBM	Prognosis	Serum specimens	100	/	cf/ctDNA concentration
NCT05630664	High-grade gliomas	Prognosis	Plasma	90	/	cfDNA concentration

cfDNA cell-free DNA; ctDNA circulating tumor DNA; CSF cerebrospinal fluid; GBM glioblastoma