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. 2024 Dec 18;14(1):218. doi: 10.1038/s41408-024-01199-0

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© The Author(s) 2024

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License, which permits any non-commercial use, sharing, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if you modified the licensed material. You do not have permission under this licence to share adapted material derived from this article or parts of it. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/.

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Fig. 7 — A Circos plots showing the interaction numbers among various cell types in ND-AITL(left) and RR-AITL(right) samples. These interactions were predicted based on scRNA-seq data. B The number of significant ligand-receptor pairs between the RR-AITL and ND-AITL, as depicted in a lollipop plot. C, D Heatmap depicting the intricate ligand-receptor interactions between Tfh cells and other cell types. The ‘Common’ category (green) signifies the presence of ligand-receptor pairs in both ND-AITL and RR-AITL. The ‘ND-specified’ category (blue) and ‘RR-specified’ category (red) indicate the occurrence of ligand-receptor pairs exclusively in ND-AITL or RR-AITL, respectively. Numbers enclosed in red boxes indicate the interacting pairs displayed in Figure E. E Sankey plot illustrating the essential ligand-receptor pairs exclusive to RR-AITL, with ligands expressed on Tfh cells. The color scheme indicates different cell types expressing the receptors. F The IMC images showing the protein activity of CD20, CD86 within B cells and ICOS, CTLA4 within Tfh cells in ND-AITL and RR-AITL samples. The colors represent corresponding proteins. The solid line frame represents a magnified version of the dashed line frame. Scale bar, 100 μm. G Schematic representation of TME alterations between RR-AITL and ND-AITL.