Fig. 2. ImP inhibits BMP2-induced osteoblast differentiation.

BMSCs were isolated from the tibia and maintained with GM or OM. a Effects of ImP on cell viability were evaluated using a CCK8 assay reagent (n = 3). b, c BMSCs were cultured for 6 days and analyzed through RT-PCR and qRT-PCR (n = 3). d Western blotting was performed with Runx2 and Osx antibodies (n = 3). β-actin was used as an internal control. e BMSCs were cultured for 14 days, and alizarin red S staining was performed to determine calcification (n = 3). ImP, imidazole propionate; BMSC, bone marrow stromal cell; GM, growth media; OM, osteogenic media (ascorbic acid 50 µg/ml, β-glycerophosphate 5 mM, and BMP2 100 ng/ml); Values are presented as the mean ± SD; NS, non-significant; **P < 0.01; ***P < 0.001; compared to the control group.