Fig. 4. ImP stimulates adipocyte differentiation.

a ImP was administered for 4 weeks using a subcutaneously implanted osmotic pump, and H&E analysis was performed on the femurs. H&E-stained bone marrow adipocytes were quantified (n = 5). b BMSCs cells were isolated from mice injected with ImP (3 mg/kg) for 4 weeks and identified lipid droplet formation. After inducing adipocyte differentiation, the results were confirmed through oil red O staining (n = 3). c BMSCs were cultured in GM and AM for 8 days. Oil red O staining was performed, and the oil red O-positive cells were counted (n = 3). d, e Total RNA was isolated from the cell cultures, and RT-PCR and qRT-PCR analyses were performed (n = 3). f Western blotting was performed with antibodies against adiponectin, PPARγ, and FABP4 (n = 3). β-actin was used as an internal control. ImP, imidazole propionate; H&E, hematoxylin and eosin; BMSC, bone marrow stromal cell; GM, growth media; AM, adipogenic media (1 µg/ml insulin, 2 µM rosiglitazone, and 100 nM dexamethasone); Red triangle, adipocyte; Values are presented as the mean ± SD; *, P < 0.05; **, P < 0.01; ***, P < 0.001; compared to the control group.