Table 2.
Perioperative and operative data of patients according to overall survival
| Variable | Patients (n = 720) | Alive (n = 318) | Dead (n = 402) | P-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Type of rupturec | ||||
| Anterior VSR Posterior VSR |
229 (54.5) 191 (45.5) |
109 (59.2) 75 (40.8) |
120 (50.8) 116 (49.2) |
0.087 |
| Oozing LVFWR Blowout LVFWR |
81 (57.0) 61 (43.0) |
39 (67.2) 19 (32.8) |
42 (50.0) 42 (50.0) |
0.041 |
| Partial PMR Complete PMR |
37 (39.8) 57 (60.2) |
16 (40.0) 24 (60.0) |
21 (39.6) 32 (60.4) |
0.971 |
| Repair technique or procedure to treat post-AMI MCc | ||||
| Infarct exclusion Other VSR repair |
81 (18.8) 350 (81.2) |
43 (22.8) 146 (77.2) |
38 (15.7) 204 (84.3) |
0.063 |
| Sutured LVFWR repair Sutureless LVFWR repair |
96 (64.9) 52 (35.1) |
32 (52.5) 29 (47.5) |
64 (73.6) 23 (26.4) |
0.008 |
| MV replacement MV repair |
118 (78.7) 32 (21.3) |
53 (79.1) 14 (20.9) |
65 (78.3) 18 (21.7) |
0.906 |
| Pericardiocentesis (LVFWR) | 30 (20.0) | 9 (14.8) | 21 (23.3) | 0.195 |
| CPB | 665 (92.4) | 293 (92.1) | 372 (92.5) | 0.841 |
| ACC | 640 (88.9) | 287 (90.3) | 353 (87.8) | 0.301 |
| CPB time (min) | 133.0 (98.0–177.0) | 124.0 (90.0–164.0) | 138.0 (103.0–181.5) | 0.002 |
| ACC time (min) | 84.0 (65.0–112.5) | 80.0 (60.0–108.5) | 89.0 (68.3–115.0) | 0.008 |
| Concomitant CABG | 340 (47.2) | 156 (49.1) | 184 (45.8) | 0.381 |
| Post-operative IABP | 358 (56.7) | 129 (48.5) | 229 (62.7) | <0.001 |
| Post-operative ECMO | 82 (12.3) | 24 (8.0) | 58 (15.8) | 0.002 |
| Post-operative inotropes | 549 (80.0) | 242 (76.1) | 315 (81.0) | 0.115 |
| Rethoracotomy for bleedinga | 82 (12.0) | 23 (7.2) | 59 (16.0) | <0.001 |
| Reoperationa | 62 (9.0) | 24 (7.5) | 38 (10.3) | 0.206 |
| Rupture recurrencea Requiring reinterventiona |
77 (11.2%) 32 (4.7) |
24 (7.5%) 12 (3.8) |
48 (13.0%) 20 (5.4) |
0.019 0.304 |
| Intensive care unit staya (h) | 144.0 (71.8–271.5) | 120.0 (56.0–217.5) | 168.0 (72.0–317.0) | 0.005 |
| Post-operative CVVHDFa | 138 (20.1) | 41 (12.9) | 97 (26.4) | <0.001 |
| Post-operative LCOSa | 187 (26.0) | 41 (12.9) | 146 (39.7) | <0.001 |
| Post-operative cerebral eventa | 50 (6.9) | 18 (5.7) | 32 (8.7) | 0.127 |
| Discharge PODb | 15.0 (10.0–26.0) | 15.0 (10.0–23.0) | 17.0 (10.0–30.0) | 0.167 |
| Post-operative LVEFa (%) | 45.0 (37.5–50.0) | 45.0 (40.0–50.0) | 41.5 (35.0–48.0) | 0.018 |
Values are median (interquartile range) or n (%).
VSR, ventricular septal rupture; LVFWR, left ventricular free-wall rupture; PMR, papillary muscle rupture; AMI, acute myocardial infarction; MC, mechanical complication; MV, mitral valve; CPB, cardiopulmonary bypass; ACC, aortic cross-clamping; CABG, coronary artery bypass grafting; IABP, intra-aortic balloon pump; ECMO, extracorporeal membrane oxygenation; h, hours; CVVHDF, continuous veno-venous haemodiafiltration; LCOS, low-cardiac output syndrome; POD, post-operative day; LVEF, left ventricular ejection fraction.
Operative survivors (n = 686).
Hospital survivors (n = 451).
Type of rupture and repair technique or procedure were calculated for patients with LVFWR (n = 150), VSR (n = 451), and PMR (n = 153), respectively.