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. 2024 Apr 22;14(11):100981. doi: 10.1016/j.jpha.2024.100981

Fig. 4.

Fig. 4

The effect and mechanism of hyaluronic acid (HA)-modified hybrid membrane (M)-camouflaged poly lactic-co-glycolic acid (PLGA) loaded halofuginone hydrobromide (HF) nanoparticles (NPs) (HA-M@P@HF NPs) on the immune-inflammation of macrophages. (A) Morphology of macrophages treated with different drugs for 24 h at the concentration of 2 nM HF. (B, C) Representative fluorescence images (B) and quantitation (C) of reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels in cells incubated with different treatments. (D–F) Immunofluorescence staining (D), and quantitative analysis of CD80 (M1 biomarker, red) (E), and CD206 (M2 biomarker, green) (F) in macrophages with different treatments. (G–I) Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) assay of interleukin-6 (IL-6) (G), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) (H), and IL-10 (I). Data are presented as mean ± standard deviation (n = 3). ∗P < 0.05, ∗∗P < 0.01, and ∗∗∗P < 0.001. FI: fluorescence intensity.