Appendix C.

Extraction table for review studies.

Sr. no	Author and year	Objective/aim/purpose	Country/setting	Target population	Total number of studies	Study design	KT tool	Intervention	Outcomes	Quality assessment
1	Martin (2020) 9	To describe existing published studies on online participatory intervention methods used to promote the sexual health of adolescents and young adults	Global	Adolescents and young adults aged between 10 and 24 years	n = 60	Systematic review	Facebook, YouTube, MySpace, Twitter, Flickr, Tumblr, Instagram, WeChat	• Information dissemination with participatory components (games, quizzes, discussions) • Online community/discussion • Participation in activities only (including games) • Participatory educational sessions • Personalized assistance	• Sexual health promotion • HIV/sexually transmitted infection prevention specifically • Sexual violence prevention • Hepatitis B virus and hepatitis C virus testing promotion • Improve HIV care linkage • Observe peer influence in sexual situations only	High risk
2	Feroz (2021) 7	To identify a range of different mHealth solutions that can be used for improving young people SRH in LMICs and highlight facilitators and barriers for adopting mHealth interventions designed to target SRH of young people	LMICs	Young people (adolescents and youth) aged 10–24 years	n = 15)	Systematic review	Mobile phones	The most reported use of mHealth was for client education and behavior change communication followed by financial transactions and incentives	• Access to SRH services • Behavior change communication • SRH outcomes • Factors facilitating and impeding uptake of mHealth interventions for young people SRH	High risk
3	Onukwugha (2022) 8	To describe mHealth intervention components, assesses their effectiveness, acceptability, and cost in improving adolescent’s uptake of SRH services in SSA	SSA	Adolescents aged 10–19 years and young people aged 10–24 years	n = 10	Systematic review	• SMS An interactive web-based peer support platform	The interventions focused on shaping knowledge and increasing the use of reproductive health interventions or services. Two studies evaluated SRH knowledge,29,35 four assessed contraceptive use/birth control,29,33,34,39 three examined pregnancy and fertility intentions.29,33,34 One focused on facility childbirth delivery, 33 two on EBF,33,34 four on HIV ART adherence,31,32,37,38 and two on sexual behavior29,34	• SRH knowledge • Sexual health behavior. • Contraceptive/birth control access and use • ART adherence	Low risk
4	Guse (2012) 14	To summarize the currently published evidence-based on the effectiveness of new digital media-based sexual health interventions for adolescents aged 13–24 years	Global	Adolescents aged 13–24 years	n = 10	Systematic review	Internet	The shortest program was a single e-mail and the longest consisted of 24 45-min sessions administered over 2 years. Two of the interventions were delivered to adolescents in rural settings. Two of the interventions enrolled HIV-positive youth, and one enrolled youth with substance use disorders	• Youth behaviors, including initiation of vaginal sex recent sexual intercourse, frequency of sex, number of sexual partners, condom use, and sex while under the influence of drugs or alcohol • Adherence to medication. among young HIV-positive participants and alterations to public profiles on an SNS • Attitudes, self-efficacy, and intentions regarding sexual abstinence • Knowledge-based outcomes pertaining to HIV/ STIs, condoms, pregnancy, and emergency contraception	High risk
5	Saragih (2021) 16	To explore the meta-effects of telehealth interventions on self-efficacy of using condoms, condom use practices, and sexually transmitted infection testing behaviors among adolescents	Global	Adolescent population aged 13–24 years old	n = 15	Systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled studies	Web-based and game-based interventions	The telehealth interventions were designed to influence knowledge, attitudes, norms, self-efficacy, and behaviors; a range of sexual health and general health topics were addressed, including substance use, safer sex strategies, sexual risk behaviors, and risk-reducing behaviors including condom use, STI testing practices, and contraceptive options. A variety of professionals delivered the telehealth interventions, including clinicians (n = 3), a school nurse (n = 1), researchers in tropical medicine (n = 2 studies), a public health researcher (n = 1 study), a social worker (n = 1 study), and psychologists (n = 4 studies). The frequency of intervention delivery was most often weekly, with each session lasting 20–45 min, and the sessions occurring over a 3-week to 6-month period of time	• Knowledge, attitude, self-efficacy for condom use, and sexual behavior • Being screened/tested for sexual transmitted infections	Low risk
6	Nwaozuru (2021) 17	To summarize what is known, and what we need to know about implementing mhealth interventions for HIV/STI prevention targeting young people in LMICs	LMICs	Young people aged 10–24 years	n = 11	Systematic review and meta-analyses	Mobile phones, SMS	The mHealth components across the six interventions were delivered using three modalities: (1) as mobile applications, (2) as phone-based SMSs, and (3) as web-based application. Specifically, two interventions used mobile phone applications to provide HIV/STI prevention services and information. One of the interventions was delivered as a narrative-based game for android smartphones 33 and one used WeChat—a messaging mobile application	• Acceptability, appropriateness, and feasibility • Condom use and sexual and reproductive health knowledge. • Sexual intercourse after male circumcision	High risk
7	Handschuh (2019) 20	To synthesize research examining the association between adolescent sexing and sexual activity	Global	Adolescents 10–19 years of age	n = 6	Systematic review and meta-analysis	Mobile phones, SMS	Sexting as sending either a written message or an image, one differentiated between sending a message and sending an image	• Sexual behavior	Some concerns
8	Jones (2014) 86	To examine the effectiveness of social media and text messaging interventions designed to increase STD knowledge, increase screening/testing, decrease risky sexual behaviors, and reduce the incidence of STDs among young adults aged 15 through 24 years	Global	Young adults 15–24 years	n = 11	Systematic review	SMS messaging and e-mail communications	Intervention modes included SMS messaging via text, e-mail communications, and internet-based health education programming	• STD knowledge: Significant increases in STD knowledge, including increased understanding of sexual protection methods and transmission • STD screening/testing • Increases in STD testing among participants after the intervention • Sexual risk behavior: Sexual risk behaviors were examined in 10 studies • Self-efficacy/intention • Significant increases in condom use self-efficacy and intention	High risk
9	L’Engle (2016) 12	To assess strategies, findings, and quality of evidence on using mobile phones to improve ASRH by using the mERA checklist recently published by the World Health Organization mHealth Technical Evidence Review	Global	Adolescents aged 10–24 years	n = 35	Systematic review	Mobile phones	mHealth intervention programs where mobile phones were used to address ASRH	• Knowledge and STI testing • Increased sexual health knowledge and awareness, lower rates of unprotected sex and higher rates of condom use, and greater STI testing • Adolescents commonly asked about sexual acts and practices, physical and sexual development, abortion, and contraception and unplanned pregnancy. Confidentiality: Adolescents y liked the confidentiality of mobile phone communication and found the SRH content simple to understand, informative, and easily shared • HPV vaccine: Increased HPV vaccination through vaccination reminders sent via SMS to parents or teens	High-risk

ART, antiretroviral therapy; ASRH, adolescent sexual and reproductive health; EBF, exclusive breastfeeding; HPV, human papillomavirus; LMIC, low- and middle-income country; mERA, mHealth Evidence Reporting and Assessment; SMS, short message service; SNS, Social Networking Site; SRH, sexual and reproductive health; SSA, Sub-Saharan Africa; STD, sexually transmitted disease; STI, sexually transmitted infection.