Table 3.
Changes of SkM mass and CSA in NOSs-knockout mice models
| Study | Sex | Mean age (week) | NOSs | Type of muscle | Changes* | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Muscle mass | Fiber CSA | |||||
| Percival [48] | M | 8 | nNOSμ | SOL | ↓ 22% | NR |
| Wadley [88] | M | 16 | nNOS | SOL | ↓ 34% | NR |
| Palma [89] | M | NR | nNOSμ | SOL | ↓ 34% | NR |
| Percival [48] | F | 8 | nNOSμ | SOL | ↔ | NR |
| Percival [48] | M | 8 | nNOSμ | TA | ↓ 30% | NR |
| Palma [89] | M | NR | nNOSμ | TA | ↓ 17% | NR |
| Silva [90] | M | 12–20 | nNOS | TA | ↓ 21% | NR |
| Li [91] | M | 16 | nNOSμ | TA | ↔ | ↔ |
| Percival [50] | NR | NR | nNOSμ | TA | ↔ | ↔ |
| Percival [50] | NR | NR | nNOS | TA | ↓ 40% | ↓ 22% |
| Percival [48] | F | 8 | nNOSμ | TA | ↔ | NR |
| Li [91] | M | 20 | nNOSμ | EDL | ↓ 28% | ↓ 22.5% |
| Silva [90] | M | 12–20 | nNOS | EDL | ↓ 26% | NR |
| Kerris [92] | M | 13–16 | nNOSμ | EDL | ↓ 17% | NR |
| Wadley [88] | M | 16 | nNOS | EDL | ↓ 35% | NR |
| Palma [89] | M | NR | nNOSμ | EDL | ↓ 25% | NR |
| Hong [63] | M/F | 14–17 | nNOSμ | EDL | ↓ 9% | NR |
| Palma [89] | M | NR | nNOSμ | GAS | ↓ 14% | NR |
| Lee-Young [57] | M/F | 16 | eNOS† | Total SkM | ↓ 11% | NR |
| Lee-Young [57] | M/F | 16 | eNOS | Total SkM | ↓ 32% | NR |
| Momken [56] | M | 72 | eNOS | SOL | ↓ 28% | NR |
| Wadley [88] | M | 16 | eNOS | SOL | ↑ 13% | NR |
| Kerris [92] | M | 13–16 | eNOS | EDL | ↔ | NR |
| Wadley [88] | M | 16 | eNOS | EDL | ↔ | NR |
| Momken [56] | M | 72 | eNOS | PLT | ↓ 11% | NR |
| Drenning [58] | M | 3 | eNOS | PLT | ↔ |
Type I: ↓ 32.2% Type IIa: ↑ 17% Type IIb/x: ↑ 23% |
| Sadek [93] | M | 8–12 | iNOS (LPS-exposed) | SOL | ↔ | NR |
| Sadek [93] | M | 8–12 | iNOS (LPS-exposed) | TA | ↑ 6% | ↔ |
| Sadek [93] | M | 8–12 | iNOS (LPS-exposed) | QUAD | ↑ 14% | NR |
| Bae [94] | M | 16 | iNOS (UL-exposed) | QUAD | ↑ 12% | NR |
| Sadek [93] | M | 8–12 | iNOS (LPS-exposed) | GAS | ↔ | NR |
| Bae [94] | M | 16 | iNOS (UL-exposed) | GAS | ↑ 10% | NR |
*Compared to controls (wild-type animals)
† Partially knockout model
CSA, cross-sectional area; EDL, extensor digitorum longus; eNOS, endothelial nitric oxide synthase; F, female; GAS, gastrocnemius; iNOS, inducible nitric oxide synthase; LPS, lipopolysaccharide; M, male; nNOS, neuronal nitric oxide synthase; NR, not reported; PLT, plantaris; QUAD, quadriceps; SkM, skeletal muscle; SOL, soleus; TA, tibialis anterior; UL, unloading
Fiber type and relative composition of muscles in rodents [58, 95]: SOL (80% I, 20% IIa), EDL(11% IIa, 25% IIx, 64% IIb), gluteus (5% IIa, 19% IIx, 76% IIb), TA (30% IIa, 70% IIb), GAS (6% I, 10% IIa, 19% IIx, 64% IIb), PLT (13% I, 30% IIa, 36% IIb/x)