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. 2024 Dec 18;21:107. doi: 10.1186/s12986-024-00883-z

Table 3.

Changes of SkM mass and CSA in NOSs-knockout mice models

Study Sex Mean age (week) NOSs Type of muscle Changes*
Muscle mass Fiber CSA
Percival [48] M 8 nNOSμ SOL ↓ 22% NR
Wadley [88] M 16 nNOS SOL ↓ 34% NR
Palma [89] M NR nNOSμ SOL ↓ 34% NR
Percival [48] F 8 nNOSμ SOL  ↔  NR
Percival [48] M 8 nNOSμ TA ↓ 30% NR
Palma [89] M NR nNOSμ TA ↓ 17% NR
Silva [90] M 12–20 nNOS TA ↓ 21% NR
Li [91] M 16 nNOSμ TA  ↔   ↔ 
Percival [50] NR NR nNOSμ TA  ↔   ↔ 
Percival [50] NR NR nNOS TA ↓ 40% ↓ 22%
Percival [48] F 8 nNOSμ TA  ↔  NR
Li [91] M 20 nNOSμ EDL ↓ 28% ↓ 22.5%
Silva [90] M 12–20 nNOS EDL ↓ 26% NR
Kerris [92] M 13–16 nNOSμ EDL ↓ 17% NR
Wadley [88] M 16 nNOS EDL ↓ 35% NR
Palma [89] M NR nNOSμ EDL ↓ 25% NR
Hong [63] M/F 14–17 nNOSμ EDL ↓ 9% NR
Palma [89] M NR nNOSμ GAS ↓ 14% NR
Lee-Young [57] M/F 16 eNOS Total SkM ↓ 11% NR
Lee-Young [57] M/F 16 eNOS Total SkM ↓ 32% NR
Momken [56] M 72 eNOS SOL ↓ 28% NR
Wadley [88] M 16 eNOS SOL ↑ 13% NR
Kerris [92] M 13–16 eNOS EDL  ↔  NR
Wadley [88] M 16 eNOS EDL  ↔  NR
Momken [56] M 72 eNOS PLT ↓ 11% NR
Drenning [58] M 3 eNOS PLT  ↔ 

Type I: ↓ 32.2%

Type IIa: ↑ 17%

Type IIb/x: ↑ 23%

Sadek [93] M 8–12 iNOS (LPS-exposed) SOL  ↔  NR
Sadek [93] M 8–12 iNOS (LPS-exposed) TA ↑ 6%
Sadek [93] M 8–12 iNOS (LPS-exposed) QUAD ↑ 14% NR
Bae [94] M 16 iNOS (UL-exposed) QUAD ↑ 12% NR
Sadek [93] M 8–12 iNOS (LPS-exposed) GAS  ↔  NR
Bae [94] M 16 iNOS (UL-exposed) GAS ↑ 10% NR

*Compared to controls (wild-type animals)

Partially knockout model

CSA, cross-sectional area; EDL, extensor digitorum longus; eNOS, endothelial nitric oxide synthase; F, female; GAS, gastrocnemius; iNOS, inducible nitric oxide synthase; LPS, lipopolysaccharide; M, male; nNOS, neuronal nitric oxide synthase; NR, not reported; PLT, plantaris; QUAD, quadriceps; SkM, skeletal muscle; SOL, soleus; TA, tibialis anterior; UL, unloading

Fiber type and relative composition of muscles in rodents [58, 95]: SOL (80% I, 20% IIa), EDL(11% IIa, 25% IIx, 64% IIb), gluteus (5% IIa, 19% IIx, 76% IIb), TA (30% IIa, 70% IIb), GAS (6% I, 10% IIa, 19% IIx, 64% IIb), PLT (13% I, 30% IIa, 36% IIb/x)