Fig. 1.

STING upregulates the pentose phosphate pathway (PPP). A Analysis of metabolomics in spleens of wild-type and STING knockout mice. B Metabolic pathway enrichment analysis in spleens of wild-type and STING knockout mice. C Levels of R-5P, 6-PG, and F-6P in spleens of wild-type and STING knockout mice. D E Whole cell extracts (WCEs) from wild-type and STING-overexpressing KYSE-30 cells were analyzed for PPP metabolites (NADPH, GSH, R5P) and key enzymes (TKT, G6PD) using ELISA kits. F, G WCEs from wild-type and STING knockdown KYSE-30 cells were similarly analyzed. Data are expressed as mean ± SEM from three biological replicates. **p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001