Fig. 2.

PPP participates in the antiviral immune response. A, B Analysis of metabolomics and metabolic pathway enrichment in spleens of control (PBS) and HSV-treated mice (HSV-1, 5 × 10^6 PFU/mouse, tail vein injection). Spleens were collected six days post-injection for analysis. C ELISA detection of PPP pathway metabolites (TKT, R-5P, GSH) in KYSE-30 cells transfected with poly(dA:dT). D qPCR detection of inflammatory factors (IL-6, CCL5, IFN-β) and PPP enzymes (TKT, G6PD) mRNA in poly(dA:dT)-transfected KYSE-30 cells. E Levels of IL-6, CCL5, IFN-β, and TKT in KYSE-30 cells treated with poly(dA:dT) and/or the PPP inhibitor 6-AN (10 µM, 8 h). F Levels of IL-6, CCL5, IFN-β, and TKT in KYSE-30 cells treated with HSV (MOI = 1, 8 h) and/or 6-AN (10 µM, 8 h). Data are mean ± SEM from three biological replicates. * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001