Fig. 4.

In vitro gene editing, RT-induced ICD and the cGAS-STING signal pathway-related genetic changes. a The role of ZnO–Au@mSiO₂ nanosystem after entering the cells. b Western blotting analysis for protein expression of cGAS-STING-associated proteins (IFN β, TBK1 and p-TBK1) in DC 2.4 cells. c qPCR assay measuring the STING mRNA in DC 2.4 cells (*p < 0.05). d Western blotting analysis for protein expression of PD-L1 in LLC cells. e qPCR assay measuring the PD-L1 mRNA in LLC cells, ZnO–Au@mSiO₂ (–) indicates that DNAzyme is not loaded, ZnO–Au@mSiO₂ ( +) indicates that DNAzyme is loaded (*p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ****p < 0.0001). f Western blotting analysis for protein expression of ICD-associated proteins (HMGB1 and CRT) in LLC cells. g qPCR assay measuring the CRT mRNA in LLC cells (*p < 0.05 and ns means no significant difference). h qPCR assay measuring the HMGB1 mRN A in LLC cells (**p < 0.01, ****p < 0.0001)