Table 2.
Surgical characteristics.
| Total (n = 35) | Alive (n = 26) | Deceased (n = 9) | p-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Previous palliation, n (%) | ||||
| Unoperated | 16 (46) | 12 (46) | 4 (44) | >0.99 |
| Once | 4 (11) | 3 (11) | 1 (11) | >0.99 |
| More than one palliation | 15 (43) | 11 (42) | 4 (44) | >0.99 |
| Age at first palliation, years [IQR] | 5.8 [0.01–12] | 0.14 [0.01–4.2] | 10 [1.0–18] | 0.33 |
| Type of palliation, n (%) | ||||
| Pulmonary artery banding | 2 (5.7) | 2 (7.7) | 0 (0.0) | >0.99 |
| SPAS only | 11 (31) | 7 (27) | 4 (44) | 0.42 |
| BCPS ± SPAS | 8 (23) | 7 (27) | 1 (11) | 0.65 |
| BCPS only | 3 (8.6) | 3 (11.5) | 0 (0.0) | 0.55 |
| BCPS with SPAS | 5 (14) | 4 (15) | 1 (11) | >0.99 |
| Aortic arch repair | 1 (2.9) | 1 (3.8) | 0 (0.0) | >0.99 |
| Reason for not performing Fontan, n (%) | ||||
| Pulmonary vascular disease | 19 (54) | 16 (62) | 3 (33) | |
| Hypoplastic PA(s) | 4 (11) | 4 (15) | 0 (0.0) | |
| Atrioventricular valve regurgitation | 2 (5.7) | 2 (7.7) | 0 (0.0) | |
| Ventricular dysfunction | 2 (5.7) | 2 (7.7) | 0 (0.0) | |
| High-risk (multiple contraindications) | 2 (5.7) | 1 (3.8) | 1 (11) | |
| Fontan failure and takedown | 5 (14) | 4 (15) | 1 (11) | |
| BCPS failure and takedown | 1 (2.9) | 1 (3.8) | 0 (0.0) | |
| Awaiting heart transplantation | 2 (5.7) | 1 (3.8) | 1 (11) | |
| Patient refusal | 6 (17) | 3 (12) | 3 (33) | |
| Unknown | 1 (2.9) | 1 (3.8) | 0 (0.0) | |
BCPS indicates bidirectional cavopulmonary shunt; PA, pulmonary artery; SPAS, systemic-to-pulmonary artery shunt.