Table 1.

Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) critical appraisal of the included studies, 2024

Included Articles	Criterion No (items included to appraise analytical cross-sectional studies)
Author	Year	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	11	Total (%)	Overall quality
Ali et al. [64]	2023	√	√	√	√	√	√	√	√				100	High
Berhe et al. [65]	2021	√	√	√	X	√	√	√	√				87.5	High
Feyera et al. [66]	2015	√	√	√	√	√	√	√	√				100	High
Roberts, B. et al.[61]	2008	X	√	√	√	X	√	√	√				75	High
Melese et al. [67]	2024	√	√	√	√	√	√	√	√				100	High
Gebreyesus et al. [68]	2024	√	√	√	√	√	√	√	√				100	High
Misghinna et al. [69]	2020	√	√	√	X	X	√	√	√				75	High
Logie, C. H et al. [70]	2022	√	√	√	√	√	√	√	√	√	√	√	100	High
√= Yes, criterion fulfilled, X= No, criterion not fulfilled

For cross-sectional (Item 1: Were the criteria for inclusion in the sample clearly defined? Item 2: Were the study subjects and the setting described in detail? Item 3: Was the exposure measured validly and reliably? Item 4: Were objective, standard criteria used for measurement of the condition? Item 5: Were confounding factors identified? Item 6: Were strategies to deal with confounding factors stated? Item 7: Were the outcomes measured validly and reliably? Item 8: Was appropriate statistical analysis used?) and for the cohort -study we considered a JBI 11 items