Table 1.
Baseline characteristics on patients of APE
| Total (n = 464) | CTEPD Group (n = 130) | Non-CTEPD Group (n = 334) | p value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Male (n, %) | 224 (48.28%) | 60 (46.15%) | 164 (49.10%) | 0.568 |
| Age (years) | 63.12 ± 14.00 | 61.71 ± 14.24 | 64.39 ± 13.85 | 0.065 |
| BMI (kg·m− 2) | 24.58 ± 3.90 | 24.59 ± 3.90 | 24.60 ± 3.90 | 0.982 |
| Temperature (℃) | 37.17 ± 13.91 | 38.82 ± 26.27 | 36.53 ± 0.42 | 0.623 |
| SBP (mmHg) | 128.24 ± 18.82 | 126.88 ± 15.91 | 128.77 ± 19.83 | 0.332 |
| DBP (mmHg) | 82.23 ± 40.31 | 79.70 ± 11.41 | 83.22 ± 46.96 | 0.384 |
| Heart rate (beats/min) | 83.95 ± 13.94 | 85.75 ± 13.80 | 83.26 ± 13.96 | 0.085 |
| Respiratory rate (breaths/min) | 19.92 ± 5.75 | 20.29 ± 6.27 | 19.78 ± 5.54 | 0.407 |
| Symptoms | ||||
| Dyspnea (n, %) | 272 (58.62%) | 98 (75.38%) | 174 (52.10%) | < 0.001 |
| Chest pain (n, %) | 40 (8.62%) | 5 (3.85%) | 35 (10.48%) | 0.028 |
| Hemoptysis (n, %) | 28 (6.03%) | 7 (5.38%) | 21 (6.29%) | 0.714 |
| Syncope (n, %) | 23 (4.96%) | 10 (7.69%) | 13 (3.89%) | 0.096 |
| Time-to-diagnosis ≥ 15 days (n, %) | 150 (32.33%) | 83 (63.85%) | 67 (20.06%) | < 0.001 |
| RPE (n, %) | 31 (6.68%) | 23 (17.69%) | 8 (2.40%) | < 0.001 |
| Comorbidities | ||||
| Hypertension (n, %) | 153 (32.97%) | 37 (28.46%) | 116 (34.73%) | 0.198 |
| CHD (n, %) | 92 (19.83%) | 27 (20.77%) | 65 (19.46%) | 0.751 |
| CLD (n, %) | 49 (10.56%) | 19 (14.62%) | 30 (8.98%) | 0.079 |
| Diabetes (n, %) | 54 (11.64%) | 13 (10.00%) | 41 (12.28%) | 0.493 |
| Nervous system disease (n, %) | 51 (10.99%) | 13 (10.00%) | 38 (11.38%) | 0.663 |
| Venous thrombus (n, %) | 253 (54.53%) | 78 (60.00%) | 175 (52.40%) | 0.140 |
| Cancer (n, %) | 139 (29.96%) | 15 (11.54%) | 124 (37.13%) | < 0.001 |
| CTD (n, %) | 42 (9.05%) | 18 (13.85%) | 24 (7.19%) | 0.027 |
| Risk factors | ||||
| Smoking history (n, %) | 135 (29.09%) | 38 (29.23%) | 97 (29.04%) | 0.968 |
| Surgery (n, %) | 47 (10.13%) | 10 (7.69%) | 37 (11.08%) | 0.280 |
| Trauma (n, %) | 16 (3.45%) | 3 (2.31%) | 13 (3.89%) | 0.403 |
| RVD (n, %) | 67 (14.44%) | 44 (33.85%) | 23 (6.89%) | < 0.001 |
| Central embolus | 145 (31.25%) | 66 (50.77%) | 79 (23.65%) | < 0.001 |
| RPVO > 10% (n, %) | 115 (24.78%) | 78 (60.00%) | 37 (11.08%) | < 0.001 |
| Risk stratification | < 0.001 | |||
| Low-risk (n, %) | 243 (52.37%) | 50 (38.46%) | 193 (57.78%) | |
| Moderate-risk (n, %) | 217 (46.77%) | 77 (59.23%) | 140 (41.92%) | |
| High risk (n, %) | 4(0.86%) | 3(2.31%) | 1 (0.30%) | |
| sPESI | 0.003 | |||
| 1 (n, %) | 163 (35.13%) | 36 (27.69%) | 127 (38.02%) | |
| 2 (n, %) | 33 (7.11%) | 4 (3.08%) | 29 (8.68%) | |
| 3 (n, %) | 2 (0.43%) | 1 (0.77%) | 1 (0.30%) | |
| > 3 (n, %) | 0 (0.00%) | 0 (0.00%) | 0 (0.00%) | |
| Initial anticoagulant | 0.402 | |||
| LMH (n, %) | 430 (92.67%) | 118 (90.77%) | 312 (93.41%) | |
| DOACs (n, %) | 27 (5.82%) | 9 (6.92%) | 18 (5.39%) | |
| LMH and DOACs (n, %) | 7 (1.51%) | 3 (2.31%) | 4 (1.20%) | |
| Time-to-anticoagulant ≥ 6 h (n, %) | 172 (37.07%) | 49 (37.69%) | 123 (36.83%) | 0.862 |
Data are presented as mean ± standard deviation (SD) or n (%). BMI, body mass index; CHD, coronary heart disease; CLD, chronic lung disease; CTD, connective tissue diseases; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; DOACs, direct oral anticoagulants; LMH, low molecular heparin; RPE, recurrent pulmonary embolism; RPVO, residual pulmonary vascular obstruction; RVD, right ventricular dysfunction; sPESI, simplified pulmonary embolism severity index; SBP, systolic blood pressure