Table 1.

The patients’ baseline data

	CS(N = 45)	Non-CS(N = 120)	P
Age (y)	70.4 ± 6.99	63.02 ± 8.24	< 0.001
Sex (female)	14 (31)	61 (59)	0.023
BMI ≤ 25 (kg/m2)	24.74 ± 3.82	24.48 ± 2.78	0.627
Basic disease
Diabetes	5 (40)	12 (108)	0.834
Hypertension	5 (40)	15 (105)	0.808
Diagnosis			0.932
Herniated intervertebral disc	19	48
Lumbar stenosis	12	31
Lumbar spondylolisthesis	14	41
Subsidence height(mm)	3.08 ± 1.03	0.89 ± 0.55	< 0.001
Surgical level			0.104
L3–L4	1	12
L4–L5	38	83
L5–S1	6	25

Data presented as mean ± standard deviation. N, number of patients