Table 3.
Comparison of clinical and imaging indices between patients with optimal versus suboptimal RA reverse remodeling.
| Optimal RA reverse remodeling (n = 171, 42%) | Sub-optimal RA reverse remodeling (n = 240, 58%) | p | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age, years | 31 ± 11 | 39 ± 10 | 0.007 |
| Male sex | 85 (50%) | 127 (53%) | 0.4 |
| Body mass index, kg/m2 | 27 ± 5 | 26 ± 5 | 0.2 |
| Age at time of TOF repair, years | 2 (0.7–5) | 3 (1–7) | 0.3 |
| Laboratory data | |||
| GFR, ml/min/1.73 m [2] | 98 ± 14 | 103 ± 16 | 0.2 |
| NT-proBNP, ng/l |
185 (141–383) |
231 (182–511) |
0.09 |
| Right heart indices (Echo #1) | |||
| RA reservoir strain, % | 36 ± 10 | 28 ± 12 | 0.007 |
| RA volume index, ml/m2 | 37 ± 15 | 46 ± 18 | 0.01 |
| Estimated RA pressure, mmHg | 7 ± 4 | 9 ± 5 | 0.006 |
| Estimated RV systolic pressure, mmHg | 38 (32–49) | 47 (36–60) | 0.02 |
| RV end-diastolic area, cm2 | 35 ± 12 | 41 ± 12 | 0.1 |
| RV end-systolic area, cm2 | 24 ± 10 | 26 ± 9 | 0.6 |
| RV fractional area change, % | 38 ± 9 | 36 ± 10 | 0.6 |
| RV global longitudinal strain, % | −20 ± 4 | −18 ± 5 | 0.1 |
| Left heart indices (Echo #1) | |||
| LA reservoir strain, % | 43 ± 11 | 38 ± 12 | 0.006 |
| LA volume index, ml/m2 | 25 ± 12 | 29 ± 13 | 0.2 |
| LV global longitudinal strain, % | −21 ± 5 | −18 ± 4 | 0.07 |
| Cardiac MRI | |||
| RV end-diastolic volume index, ml/m2 | 156 ± 33 | 168 ± 31 | 0.4 |
| RV end-systolic volume index, ml/m2 | 83 ± 21 | 87 ± 22 | 0.7 |
| RV ejection fraction, % | 45 ± 11 | 43 ± 9 | 0.6 |
Abbreviations: GFR: glomerular filtration rate; LA: left atrium; LV: left ventricle; MRI: magnetic resonance imaging; NT-proBNP: N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide; PVR: pulmonary valve replacement; RA: right atrium; RV: right ventricle TOF: Tetralogy of Fallot.