FIGURE 1.

Oligodendrocyte injury mechanisms resulting from metabolic stress. Glucose deprivation causes failure of ATP production. As ATP decreases, the capacity to execute autophagy is lost and autophagosomes accumulate. ATP‐dependent plasma membrane pumps are compromised and the cell becomes incapable of pumping Ca²⁺ out of the cytosol. The increased intracellular Ca²⁺ concentration activates Ca²⁺‐dependent proteases leading to degradation. Failure of autophagy, which is also an ATP‐dependent process, further aggravates the process as cellular components can no longer be recycled as substrates for energy production. Created with BioRender.