Figure 3.

PMR4 modulates root and shoot growth under phosphate deficiency.

(A) Aniline blue staining of the primary roots 3 days after transfer of 5‐days‐old Arabidopsis seedlings to low Pi (50 μM) liquid media. Left, bright‐field (BF) images. Right, aniline blue staining images. Lower panels, magnified images of upper panels. White arrowheads indicate root hair tips. Bars, 100 μm (upper panel) and 50 μm (lower panel).

(B) Six‐days‐old seedlings were exposed to low Pi (50 μM) or normal Pi (625 μM) media for 6 days. Bar, 10 mm.

(C) The primary roots 6 days after transfer of 6‐days‐old seedling to low Pi (50 μM) and normal Pi media. Bar, 1 mm.

(D) Root hair density and root hair length in (C).

(E) Primary root length in (B).

(F) Ratio of the primary root length under normal Pi relative to low Pi of (E).

(G) Convex hull area of the roots in (B).

(H) Ratio of convex hull area under normal Pi relative to low Pi of (G).

(I) Six‐days‐old seedlings were exposed to low Pi (50 μM) or normal Pi for 16 days. Bar, 10 mm.

(J) SFW in (I).

(K) Six‐days‐old seedlings were exposed to low Pi (10 μM) media for 10 days. Bar, 10 mm.

(L) Anthocyanin contents in (K).

(D–H, J, L) Data show means ± SD (n = 7 ~ 30). Statistical significance was assessed by one‐way ANOVA and Tukey honestly significant different (HSD) test for each medium dataset. Different letters indicate significant differences (P < 0.05). NS, not significant.