Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of normal and FI participants in NHANES 2005–2010
| Characteristic | Overall(N = 12,142) | Normal(N = 11,068) | FI(N = 1,074) | P value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, years | < 0.001 | |||
| 20–39 | 4,034 (36.8%) | 3,869 (38.6%) | 165 (16.8%) | |
| 40–59 | 4,112 (40.4%) | 3,747 (40.1%) | 365 (43.0%) | |
| ≥ 60 | 3,996 (22.9%) | 3,452 (21.3%) | 544 (40.2%) | |
| Gender | < 0.001 | |||
| female | 5,947 (50.2%) | 5,357 (49.6%) | 590 (56.7%) | |
| male | 6,195 (49.8%) | 5,711 (50.4%) | 484 (43.3%) | |
| Race | < 0.001 | |||
| non-Hispanic black | 2,351 (10.3%) | 2,164 (10.4%) | 187 (9.2%) | |
| non-Hispanic white | 6,201 (72.6%) | 5,549 (72.1%) | 652 (78.6%) | |
| Mexican American | 2,155 (7.8%) | 2,025 (8.1%) | 130 (4.8%) | |
| other races | 1,435 (9.3%) | 1,330 (9.4%) | 105 (7.4%) | |
| PIR | 0.044 | |||
| < 2 | 5,552 (31.9%) | 5,024 (31.6%) | 528 (35.8%) | |
| ≥ 2 | 6,590 (68.1%) | 6,044 (68.4%) | 546 (64.2%) | |
| Education level | 0.068 | |||
| less than high school | 3,326 (17.8%) | 2,994 (17.5%) | 332 (20.8%) | |
| high school | 2,901 (24.2%) | 2,656 (24.2%) | 245 (23.4%) | |
| college or above | 5,915 (58.0%) | 5,418 (58.2%) | 497 (55.8%) | |
| BMI, kg/m2 | 0.002 | |||
| < 25 | 3,503 (31.4%) | 3,228 (31.8%) | 275 (27.3%) | |
| 25–29.9 | 4,150 (33.5%) | 3,812 (33.7%) | 338 (30.7%) | |
| ≥ 30 | 4,489 (35.1%) | 4,028 (34.5%) | 461 (42.0%) | |
| Smoking status | 0.032 | |||
| never | 6,277 (52.2%) | 5,793 (52.7%) | 484 (47.4%) | |
| former | 3,096 (25.0%) | 2,756 (24.6%) | 340 (29.1%) | |
| now | 2,769 (22.8%) | 2,519 (22.7%) | 250 (23.5%) | |
| Alcohol consumption | < 0.001 | |||
| never | 1,549 (10.3%) | 1,403 (10.2%) | 146 (11.6%) | |
| former | 2,402 (16.5%) | 2,128 (16.0%) | 274 (21.6%) | |
| mild | 3,809 (34.7%) | 3,458 (34.4%) | 351 (37.2%) | |
| moderate | 1,787 (16.4%) | 1,658 (16.7%) | 129 (13.8%) | |
| heavy | 2,595 (22.1%) | 2,421 (22.7%) | 174 (15.8%) | |
| Hypertension | < 0.001 | |||
| no | 7,102 (63.8%) | 6,632 (65.1%) | 470 (49.2%) | |
| yes | 5,040 (36.2%) | 4,436 (34.9%) | 604 (50.8%) | |
| Diabetes | < 0.001 | |||
| no | 10,039 (87.4%) | 9,240 (88.0%) | 799 (80.6%) | |
| yes | 2,103 (12.6%) | 1,828 (12.0%) | 275 (19.4%) | |
| Blood heavy metals, μg/L | ||||
| Cd | 0.52 (± 0.01) | 0.51 (± 0.01) | 0.60 (± 0.03) | < 0.001 |
| Pb | 1.65 (± 0.03) | 1.63 (± 0.03) | 1.93 (± 0.06) | < 0.001 |
| Hg | 1.65 (± 0.05) | 1.66 (± 0.05) | 1.51 (± 0.09) | 0.381 |
FI fecal incontinence, NHANES National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, PIR family poverty income ratio, BMI body mass index, Cd cadmium, Pb lead, Hg mercury
Mean (± SE) for continuous and n (%) for categorical variables
Bold: p < 0.05