Table 1.
Socio-economic, demographic, and general health-related characteristics of participants according to oral health variables
|
Total sample nmax = 915 |
Prosthetic needs, n (%) n = 736 |
Oral hygiene frequency, n (%) n = 906 |
Last dental procedure, n (%) n = 439 |
||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Yes | No | p-valuea | < 2x/day | ≥ 2x/day | p-valuea | Routine | Tooth extraction | Other | p-valuea | ||
| 169 (23.0%) | 567 (77.0%) | 351 (38.7%) | 555 (61.3%) | 176 (40.1%) | 176 (40.1%) | 87 (19.8%) | |||||
| Sex, n (%) | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | 0.478 | ||||||||
| Male | 338 (36.9%) | 76 (45.0%) | 169 (29.8%) | 158 (45.0%) | 175 (31.5%) | 63 (35.8%) | 72 (40.9%) | 37 (42.5%) | |||
| Female | 577 (63.1%) | 93 (55.0%) | 398 (70.2%) | 193 (55.0%) | 380 (68.5%) | 113 (64.2%) | 104 (59.1%) | 50 (57.5%) | |||
| Age Group (years) | 0.287 | 0.034 | 0.026 | ||||||||
| Mean (SD) | 74.3 (± 6.7) | 73.5 (± 6.7) | 74.8 (± 6.6) | 74.9 (± 7.0) | 73.9 (± 6.3) | 71.9 (± 5.6) | 73.9 (± 6.7) | 71.9 (± 5.4) | |||
| 65–74 | 501 (54.8%) | 99 (58.6%) | 293 (51.7%) | 180 (51.3%) | 316 (56.9%) | 128 (72.7%) | 103 (58.5%) | 62 (71.3%) | |||
| 75–84 | 339 (37.1%) | 58 (34.3%) | 226 (39.9%) | 133 (37.9%) | 204 (36.8%) | 40 (22.7%) | 58 (33.0%) | 23 (26.4%) | |||
| ≥ 85 | 75 (8.2%) | 12 (7.1%) | 48 (8.5%) | 38 (10.8%) | 35 (6.3%) | 8 (4.6%) | 15 (8.5%) | 2 (2.3%) | |||
| Region (NUTS II), n (%) | 0.240 | < 0.001 | 0.109 | ||||||||
| North | 246 (26.9%) | 49 (29.0%) | 141 (24.9%) | 113 (32.2%) | 128 (23.1%) | 45 (25.6%) | 56 (31.8%) | 22 (25.3%) | |||
| Centre | 208 (22.7%) | 39 (23.1%) | 125 (22.1%) | 96 (27.4%) | 112 (20.2%) | 26 (14.8%) | 41 (23.3%) | 23 (26.4%) | |||
| Lisbon | 197 (21.5%) | 29 (17.2%) | 128 (22.6%) | 54 (15.4%) | 140 (25.2%) | 51 (29.0%) | 31 (17.6%) | 22 (25.3%) | |||
| Alentejo | 69 (7.5%) | 18 (10.7%) | 40 (7.1%) | 31 (8.8%) | 38 (6.9%) | 7 (4.0%) | 10 (5.7%) | 5 (5.8%) | |||
| Algarve | 41 (4.5%) | 5 (3.0%) | 32 (5.6%) | 11 (3.1%) | 30 (5.4%) | 6 (3.4%) | 8 (4.6%) | 2 (2.3%) | |||
| Islands | 154 (16.8%) | 29 (17.2%) | 101 (17.8%) | 46 (13.1%) | 107 (19.3%) | 41 (23.3%) | 30 (17.1%) | 13 (14.9%) | |||
| Marital status, n (%) | 0.676 | 0.067 | 0.067 | ||||||||
| With partner | 549 (60.0%) | 102 (60.4%) | 332 (58.6%) | 224 (63.8%) | 319 (57.7%) | 108 (61.4%) | 112 (63.6%) | 65 (75.6%) | |||
| Employment status, n (%) | 0.515 | 0.631 | 0.410 | ||||||||
| Retired | 789 (86.7%) | 148 (88.1%) | 485 (86.1%) | 301 (86.0%) | 480 (87.1%) | 155 (88.6%) | 149 (84.7%) | 78 (89.7%) | |||
| Other | 121 (13.3%) | 20 (11.9%) | 78 (13.9%) | 49 (14.0%) | 71 (12.9%) | 20 (11.4%) | 27 (15.3%) | 9 (10.3%) | |||
| Education level, n (%) | 0.114 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | ||||||||
| ≥10 years | 99 (10.8%) | 16 (9.5%) | 63 (11.1%) | 18 (5.1%) | 80 (14.4%) | 38 (21.6%) | 9 (5.1%) | 14 (16.1%) | |||
| 5–9 years | 140 (15.3%) | 18 (10.7%) | 94 (16.6%) | 40 (11.4%) | 98 (17.7%) | 34 (19.3%) | 24 (13.6%) | 21 (24.1 | |||
| ≤ 4 years | 676 (73.9%) | 135 (79.9%) | 410 (72.3%) | 293 (83.5%) | 377 (67.9%) | 104 (59.1%) | 143 (81.2%) | 52 (59.8%) | |||
| Income perception, n (%) | 0.030 | 0.120 | < 0.001 | ||||||||
| “Living comfortably with the present income” | 106 (11.6%) | 13 (7.7%) | 77 (13.6%) | 31 (8.8%) | 74 (13.4%) | 34 (19.3%) | 12 (6.8%) | 11 (12.8%) | |||
| “Living with the present income” | 394 (43.2%) | 65 (38.7%) | 233 (41.2%) | 145 (41.3%) | 244 (44.2%) | 100 (56.8%) | 72 (40.9%) | 32 (37.2%) | |||
| “Finding difficult with the present income” | 278 (30.5%) | 55 (32.7%) | 174 (30.8%) | 118 (33.6%) | 159 (28.8%) | 25 (14.2%) | 61 (34.7%) | 33 (38.4%) | |||
| “Finding it very difficult with the present income” | 125 (13.7%) | 35 (20.8%) | 75 (13.3%) | 54 (15.4%) | 69 (12.5%) | 15 (8.5%) | 30 (17.1%) | 10 (11.6%) | |||
| Number of private sector appointments, Mean (SD) | 1.26 (± 2.88) | 0.81 (± 2.02) | 1.41 (± 3.11) | 0.009 | 0.82 (± 2.24) | 1.52 (± 3.18) | < 0.001 | 2.03 (± 3.18) | 0.86 (± 2.26) | 1.83 (± 4.45) | < 0.001 |
| Number of public sector appointments, Mean (SD) | 4.29 (± 4.37) | 4.74 (± 4.05) | 4.43 (± 4.75) | 0.086 | 4.45 (± 4.22) | 4.21 (± 4.48) | 0.039 | 3.61 (± 4.05) | 4.47 (± 3.26) | 4.65 (± 5.20) | < 0.001 |
| Smoking habits, n (%) | 0.023 | 0.858 | 0.908 | ||||||||
| Never | 652 (72.0%) | 109 (65.7%) | 424 (75.6%) | 253 (72.5%) | 393 (71.8%) | 123 (70.3%) | 124 (71.3%) | 61 (70.1%) | |||
| In the past | 210 (23.2%) | 45 (27.1%) | 116 (20.7%) | 78 (22.3%) | 129 (23.6%) | 44 (25.1%) | 40 (23.0%) | 23 (26.4%) | |||
| Daily/Occasionally | 43 (4.8%) | 12 (7.2%) | 21 (3.7%) | 18 (5.2%) | 25 (4.6%) | 8 (4.6%) | 10 (5.7%) | 3 (3.5%) | |||
| BMI (Kg/m2), n (%) | 0.733 | 0.006 | 0.583 | ||||||||
| Underweight | 59 (7.6%) | 12 (8.4%) | 36 (7.4%) | 16 (5.6%) | 42 (8.7%) | 12 (7.4%) | 13 (8.9%) | 4 (4.7%) | |||
| Healthy weight | 345 (44.5%) | 61 (43.0%) | 225 (46.6%) | 111 (39.1%) | 230 (47.6%) | 78 (48.2%) | 62 (42.5%) | 36 (42.4%) | |||
| Overweight | 372 (47.9%) | 69 (48.6%) | 222 (46.0%) | 157 (55.3%) | 211 (43.7%) | 72 (44.4%) | 71 (48.6%) | 45 (52.9%) | |||
| Diabetes, yes, n (%) | 215 (23.5%) | 41 (24.3%) | 133 (23.5%) | 0.829 | 90 (25.6%) | 121 (21.8%) | 0.183 | 37 (21.0%) | 45 (25.6%) | 19 (21.8%) | 0.574 |
Sample size is less than nmax due to missing values in some independent variables: Employment status (n = 5); Income perception (n = 12); Number of private sector appointments (n = 6); Number of public sector appointments (n = 7); Smoking habits (n = 10); BMI (n = 139)
BMI Body mass index, NUTS II Nomenclature of Territorial Units for Statistical purposes
ap-values for non-parametric independency tests (Chi-squared for categorical variables, Kruskal–Wallis for continuous variables)