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. 2024 Dec 18;24:3505. doi: 10.1186/s12889-024-21049-9

Table 3.

Association between the income perception and oral health

OR (95% CI)
Perception with the present income
n Very difficult to live Difficult to live Living Living comfortably
Prosthetic need
Model 1 727 Ref 0.68 (0.41–1.12) 0.50 (0.30–0.83) 0.30 (0.14–0.62)
Model 2 619 Ref 0.58 (0.33–1.04) 0.48 (0.27–0.83) 0.29 (0.13–0.62)
Brushing < 2x/day
Model 1 766 Ref 0.97 (0.63–1.49) 0.67 (0.44–1.02) 0.50 (0.29–0.88)
Model 2 760 Ref 0.80 (0.49–1.32) 0.54 (0.33–0.87) 0.46 (0.25–0.86)
RRR (95% CI)
Last dental procedure
Model 1 435
 Tooth extraction – Ref Ref - - -
 Routine Ref 0.78 (0.36–1.72) 2.94 (1.26–5.94) 5.55 (2.22–13.85)
 Other treatments Ref 1.62 (0.70–3.76) 1.33 (0.57–3.06) 2.77 (0.92–8.27)

Model 1 adjusted for sex and age. Model 2 further adjusted for smoking habits and BMI

“Very difficult to live with the present income” considered as the reference group

OR Odds Ratio, RRR Relative Risk Ratio, Ref Reference