Table 1. Bat Species with confirmed (presence of RNA and antibody) or suspected (presence of antibody, not RNA) role in NiV transmission and regional distribution.

Bat Species	Confirmed/ Suspected Role in NiV Transmission	Virus clade	Countries at risk
Pteropus medius (Indian flying fox) [54, 55, 61]	Confirmed	NiV Clade I	Bangladesh, India, Bhutan, Nepal, Pakistan, Sri Lanka, China, Maldives and Madagascar
Pteropus vampyrus (large flying fox) [59, 62, 63]	Confirmed	NiV Clade II	Malaysia, Singapore, Cambodia, China, Indonesia, Myanmar, Philippines, Thailand, Timor-Leste and Vietnam
Pteropus hypomelanus (Island flying fox) [64, 65]	Confirmed
Pteropus lylei (Lyle’s flying fox) [66–69]	Confirmed	More close to NiV Clade I	Cambodia, Thailand, Vietnam and China
Rousettus leschenaultii [54, 70]	Suspected	NA	Bangladesh, India, Bhutan, Nepal, Pakistan and Sri Lanka
Pipistrellus spp. [54, 70]	Suspected	NA
Hipoposiderous larvatus [69]	Suspected	NA	Bangladesh, China, Thailand, Cambodia, Laos, Vietnam, Indonesia, Malaysia, Mynamar, and India