Table 1. Study population characteristics.
| Female group | Male group | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| T2D status | Without T2D | With T2D | P-value | Without T2D | With T2D | P-value |
| Participants (N) | 161 | 162 | - | 142 | 142 | - |
| Age (year) | 40.0 (13.5) | 49.5 (12.1) | <0.001 | 41.6 (14.0) | 47.6 (13.4) | <0.001 |
| Body Mass Index (kg/m2) | 28.0 (7.3) | 35.8 (8.9) | <0.001 | 26.6 (5.5) | 32.8 (8.5) | <0.001 |
| Ethnicity: White | 118 (73.3%) | 124 (76.5%) | 0.28 | 110 (77.5%) | 102 (71.8%) | 0.59 |
| Ethnicity: Black | 20 (12.4%) | 21 (13.0%) | 10 (7.0%) | 12 (8.5%) | ||
| Ethnicity: Other | 23 (14.3%) | 17 (10.5%) | 22 (15.5%) | 28 (19.7%) | ||
| Fatigue Severity Scale | 32.3 (13.4) | 40.3 (12.3) | <0.001 | 31.3 (12.8) | 40.3 (12.3) | <0.001 |
| Perceived stress (% yes) | 38 (23.6%) | 49 (30.3%) | 0.48 | 29 (20.4%) | 38 (26.7%) | 0.16 |
| Smoking (% yes) | 28 (17.4%) | 19 (11.7%) | 0.22 | 32 (22.5%) | 34 (23.9%) | 0.24 |
| Migraine (% yes) | 33 (20.5%) | 43 (26.5%) | 0.25 | 16 (11.3%) | 19 (13.4%) | 0.72 |
| Thyroidic disease (% yes) | 0 (0%) | 37 (22.8%) | <0.001 | 0 (0%) | 10 (0.7%) | <0.01 |
| Hypertension (% yes) | 18 (11.2%) | 81 (50.0%) | <0.001 | 18 (12.7%) | 83 (58.5%) | <0.001 |
| Diagnosed depression (% yes) | 73 (45.3%) | 100 (61.7%) | <0.01 | 45 (31.7%) | 69 (48.6%) | <0.01 |
| HbA1c (%) | - | 7.14 (1.8) | - | - | 7.20 (1.7) | - |
| Diabetes treatment (% yes) | - | 126 (77.8%) | - | - | 114 (80.3%) | - |
| Diabetes duration (year) | - | 8.9 (7.3) | - | - | 9.1 (7.6) | - |
The table presents clinical data describing the overall population of the study. Categorical data are represented by total numbers and percentages, with the calculated p-values derived from chi-square tests. Continuous data are represented by mean and standard deviation, with p-values calculated using the Student’s t-test.