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. 2024 Nov 8;70(6):411–417. doi: 10.1262/jrd.2024-066

Table 1. Effect of GM-CSF during IVM on AMA oocyte embryo development.

GM-CSF (ng/ml) n 72 h post insemination
early blastocyst (%)
96 h post insemination
total blastocyst (%)
0 130 2.85 (2.85) 51.10 (2.15)
10 125 3.58 (2.21) 61.52 (0.55) **

The data is expressed as a percentage of total oocytes and are the mean ± SEM of five replicates with a minimum of 25 COCs in each group per replicate (** P < 0.01).