Table 1.
Examples of domain-specific cognitive tasks for cognitive-motor dual-tasks from weightman et al. (49) and Silsupadol et al. (14) with Targeted Cognitive Domains.
| Task name(s) | Example(s) of domain-specific tasks | Targeted cognitive domain(s) |
|---|---|---|
| Auditory discrimination | Identify and name noises (cat vs. dog), voices (man vs. woman), or sounds (high vs. low tones) | Auditory Processing Speed, Selective Attention |
| Naming | Animals, states, foods, flowers, names of people | Verbal Fluency, Information Processing Speed |
| Visual Discrimination | “Spot-the-difference” tasks (does the picture shown matches the picture seen before; yes or no?) | Visuospatial Working Memory |
| Random Digit Generation | Randomly name numbers between 0 and 300 | Information Processing Sped |
| Backward Counting | Counting backward by 2's, 3's, or 7's | Attention, Working Memory |
| Visuospatial | Place or name a number, object, or letter in a real or imagined space; recite or recall directions from or to a specific location. | Visuospatial Working Memory |
| N-Back | Recite numbers, days, or months backward or skip every other target in the sequence. | Working Memory |
| Subtracting Numbers from Letters | Provide a letter as the result of an equation (k-1 = j) | Working Memory |
| Memorization and Recall | Memorizing or recalling objects, names, words, numbers, or prices | Short-Term Visual or Spatial Memory |
| Story Telling/Recall | Tell a story about a day or vacation or recall details of a told story. | Episodic Memory |
| Opposing Directions | State or move in the opposite direction of action (if a left leg is moved, say, or move to the “right,” or if a ball is kicked to the right, say, or move to “left”). | Inhibitory Control, Attention |
| Backwards or Forwards Spelling | Spelling a word, or series of words, forwards or backward. Skipping letters in forward or reverse order. | Working Memory |
| Sentence Generation | Stating a complete a sentence, completing a sentence or idiom | Verbal Fluency, Attention |
| Stroop | Naming the color of the ink but not the word (if the word pink is colored in the ink “blue,” say “blue”) | Information Processing Speed, Inhibitory Control |