Figure 3.

Schematic overview of signaling pathways governing glycolytic metabolic reprogramming. In the context of ALI/ARDS, the metabolic reprogramming of pertinent immune cells is characterized by the intricate interplay and regulation of various signaling cascades. Pathways including TLRs, PI3K-Akt-mTOR, and PKM2-HIF-1α are triggered by inflammatory stimuli, which in turn enhance the expression of pivotal glycolytic enzymes and facilitate metabolic reprogramming. Under physiological conditions, the AMPK pathway typically acts to restrain glycolytic metabolism reprogramming; however, in sepsis-induced lung injury, this suppressive effect is compromised, thereby impacting the prognosis of ALI/ARDS.