Table 1.
Key immune cells involved in the process of septic lung injury.
| Cells | Classifications | Primary energy supply mechanism | Functions | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Macrophages | M0, M1, M2 | M1 primarily utilizes OXPHOS as the metabolic pathway, while M2 mainly relies on glycolysis. | M1 pro-inflammatory effects, M2 anti-inflammatory effects. |
(36, 37) |
| Neutrophils | / | Glycolysis | Formation of NETs exerts pro-inflammatory effects. | (38, 39) |
| Dendritic Cells | Resting state | OXPHOS | Immune reserve | (40–42) |
| Active state | Glycolysis | Pro-inflammatory | ||
| T lymphocytes | Immature T lymphocytes | OXPHOS | Immune reserve | (43–45) |
| Memory T cells | OXPHOS | Rapid activation to produce an immune response. | ||
| Effector T cells (Th1, Th2, Th12) | Glycolysis | Pro-inflammatory | ||
| Regulatory T cells | OXPHOS and FAO | Anti-inflammatory | ||
| B lymphocytes | Resting state | Low metabolic level | Immune reserve | (46, 47) |
| Active state | Glycolysis | Humoral immunity | ||
| NK cells | Resting state | Low metabolic level | Immune reserve | (48, 49) |
| Active state | Both glycolysis and OXPHOS are upregulated | Cytotoxic effect |