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. 2024 Dec 19;9:252. doi: 10.1038/s41541-024-01043-3

Fig. 3. S and/or N DNA vaccines protect against SARS-CoV-2 Beta infection in K18-hACE2 mice.

Fig. 3

a Experimental protocol: On days 0 and 21, K18-hACE2 mice were inoculated with S and/or N DNA vaccines or pVAX control (25 µg, IM), challenged at 2 weeks post-boost with SARS-CoV-2 Beta (B.1.351) variant (103 PFU, IN), and tissues were harvested 3 days later. Representation of the experiment timeline was Created with BioRender.com. b SARS-CoV-2 genomic and subgenomic RNA levels were quantified by RT-qPCR. Dashed lines, detection limit. c Splenocytes were stimulated with the indicated SARS-CoV-2 S or N peptides, and polyfunctional and cytotoxic CD4+ and CD8+ T cells within the population of CD3+ cells were quantified by ICS. b, c Data are from 2 independent experiments (n = 7-8 mice/group). Group means were compared by the non-parametric Kruskal-Wallis test. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001. Circles, individual mice.