Table 4.
Associations between study variables and CSS
| Study variables | HR (95% CI) | p-value | aHR (95% CI) | p-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| NLR group | ||||
| Group I | Reference | Reference | ||
| Group II | 0.98 (0.77, 1.26) | 0.884 | 0.90 (0.70, 1.15) | 0.398 |
| Group III | 1.31 (1.04, 1.64) | 0.021 | 0.97 (0.77, 1.23) | 0.823 |
| Group IV | 1.72 (1.42, 2.07) | < 0.001 | 1.27 (1.04, 1.55) | 0.017 |
| Age, years (≥ 65 vs. 18–64) | 1.63 (1.40, 1.89) | < 0.001 | 1.37 (1.17, 1.61) | < 0.001 |
| Sex (male vs. female) | 1.13 (0.97, 1.32) | 0.107 | ||
| Chemotherapy | ||||
| IRI, OXA | 0.33 (0.27, 0.40) | < 0.001 | 0.38 (0.31, 0.46) | < 0.001 |
| 5FU, others | 0.47 (0.38, 0.58) | < 0.001 | 0.47 (0.38, 0.59) | < 0.001 |
|
Chemotherapy < 4 times/ duration < 3 months/no chemotherapy |
Reference | Reference | ||
| Comorbidity | ||||
| DM | 1.18 (0.99, 1.41) | 0.071 | ||
| HTN | 1.06 (0.91, 1.24) | 0.451 | ||
| CAD | 1.44 (1.06, 1.96) | 0.021 | ||
| CVA | 1.46 (1.03, 2.09) | 0.036 | ||
| CKD | 2.46 (1.74, 3.48) | < 0.001 | 1.63 (1.14, 2.33) | 0.007 |
| COPD/asthma | 1.19 (0.83, 1.69) | 0.341 | ||
| Tumor location (left vs. right) | 0.75 (0.64, 0.87) | < 0.001 | ||
| T stage | ||||
| 1, 2 | Reference | Reference | ||
| 3 | 2.00 (1.34, 2.98) | 0.001 | 1.52 (1.02, 2.28) | 0.042 |
| 4 | 3.73 (2.50, 5.56) | < 0.001 | 2.58 (1.71, 3.89) | < 0.001 |
| N stage | ||||
| 1 | Reference | Reference | ||
| 2 | 2.03 (1.74, 2.36) | < 0.001 | 2.01 (1.73, 2.35) | < 0.001 |
| Histologic grade | ||||
| Well, moderately | Reference | Reference | ||
| Poorly, undifferentiated | 1.51 (1.23, 1.86) | < 0.001 | 1.33 (1.08, 1.63) | 0.008 |
| Unknown | 0.69 (0.52, 0.91) | 0.009 | 0.73 (0.55, 0.97) | 0.031 |
| CEA, ng/mL | ||||
| Normal (< 5) | Reference | Reference | ||
| Elevated (≥ 5) | 1.72 (1.45, 2.05) | < 0.001 | 1.36 (1.14, 1.63) | 0.001 |
| Unknown | 1.46 (1.20, 1.78) | < 0.001 | 1.22 (0.99, 1.50) | 0.059 |
| Hemoglobin, g/dL | ||||
| Normal | Reference | |||
| Low | 1.28 (1.09, 1.49) | 0.003 | ||
| Albumin, g/dL | ||||
| > 3.5 | Reference | Reference | ||
| ≤ 3.5 | 2.28 (1.90, 2.72) | < 0.001 | 1.44 (1.18, 1.75) | < 0.001 |
| Unknown | 1.53 (1.12, 2.07) | 0.007 | 1.23 (0.90, 1.68) | 0.197 |
P-values < 0.05 are shown in bold
CSS cancer-specific survival, DM diabetes mellitus, HTN hypertension, CAD coronary artery disease, CVA cardiovascular accident, CKD, chronic kidney disease, COPD chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, CEA carcinoembryonic antigen, IRI irinotecan, OXA oxaliplatin, HR hazard ratio, aHR adjusted hazard ratio, CI confidence interval
aGroup I: pre-op NLR ≤ 2.5 and post-op NLR ≤ 1.5; Group II: pre-op NLR ≤ 2.5 and post-op NLR > 1.5; Group III: pre-op NLR > 2.5 and post-op NLR ≤ 1.5; Group IV: pre-op NLR > 2.5 and post-op NLR > 1.5
bMale ≤ 13.5 g/dL, female ≤ 12 g/dL