Table 4.
Comparative analysis of psychosocial and mindfulness components on before and after intervention between the MBI-p and Psychoeducation groups using the Linear Mixed Effect Model.
| Outcomes, mean (SD)a | MBI-p (n = 77) | Psychoeducation (n = 75) | Intervention* Time Interactionb | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Baseline Vs Post-intervention | Baseline Vs Termination | |||||||||
| Baseline (n = 77) |
Post-intervention (n = 64) |
Termination (n = 64) |
Baseline (n = 75) |
Post-intervention (n = 62) |
Termination (n = 62) |
Estimate (95% CI) | p-value | Estimate (95% CI) | p-value | |
| Psychosocial | ||||||||||
| Stressful life events | ||||||||||
| Severity | 8.26 (11.69) | 6.66 (9.62) | 2.82 (4.13) | 9.15 (13.98) | 7.83 (12.84) | 5.15 (10.32) | −0.143 (−5.063, 4.778) | 0.954 | 1.405 (−3.106, 5.915) | 0.539 |
| Number of SLEs | 2.63 (3.14) | 2.25 (2.96) | 1.09 (1.40) | 2.71 (3.66) | 2.53 (3.69) | 1.80 (3.03) | 0.099 (−1.243, 1.440) | 0.885 | 0.630 (−0.535, 1.794) | 0.287 |
| Expressed emotion | ||||||||||
| Total | 22.85 (8.67) | 21.93 (8.15) | 22.55 (8.04) | 25.88 (10.88) | 23.95 (11.17) | 22.73 (10.91) | −1.698 (−3.906, 0.509) | 0.131 | −2.297 (−4.557, −0.038) | 0.046* |
| Hostility | 8.37 (3.78) | 8.47 (3.59) | 7.96 (3.54) | 9.26 (4.21) | 8.47 (4.35) | 7.71 (3.74) | −1.043 (−1.990, −0.096) | 0.031* | −0.939 (−1.930, 0.051) | 0.063 |
| Criticism | 6.52 (2.66) | 6.29 (2.43) | 6.54 (2.52) | 7.62 (3.49) | 7.07 (3.60) | 7.05 (3.40) | −0.647 (−1.411, 0.117) | 0.096 | −0.505 (−1.293, 0.284) | 0.208 |
| Over-involvement | 7.95 (3.31) | 7.16 (3.05) | 8.11 (3.27) | 9.00 (3.94) | 8.41 (4.12) | 7.96 (4.19) | 0.008 (−0.890, 0.905) | 0.986 | −0.963 (−1.988, 0.063) | 0.066 |
| Resilience | 23.24 (7.21) | 21.71 (6.68) | 23.44 (7.09) | 24.35 (8.59) | 25.25 (7.55) | 26.65 (7.41) | 2.305 (0.156, 4.455) | 0.036* | 0.652 (−1.732, 3.036) | 0.590 |
| Perceived risk of relapse | 24.74 (25.78) | 25.98 (22.17) | N/A | 23.94 (22.14) | 19.76 (21.07) | N/A | −7.201 (−13.890, −0.512) | 0.035* | N/A | N/A |
| Mindfulness | ||||||||||
| FFMQ | ||||||||||
| Total | 122.50 (14.15) | 121.55 (12.85) | 124.75 (15.24) | 124.02 (9.78) | 125.47 (10.29) | 125.52 (11.20) | 2.632 (−0.333, 5.598) | 0.081 | −0.416 (−3.835, 3.002) | 0.810 |
| Observing | 20.11 (6.28) | 21.32 (5.16) | 21.80 (5.86) | 21.27 (5.36) | 21.02 (5.25) | 20.72 (5.68) | −1.542 (−3.064, −0.020) | 0.047* | −1.911 (−3.347, −0.476) | 0.009* |
| Describing | 25.55 (5.43) | 25.36 (4.84) | 26.80 (5.34) | 25.40 (5.17) | 26.97 (4.79) | 26.65 (5.65) | 1.962 (0.768, 3.156) | 0.001* | −0.340 (−1.166, 0.987) | 0.614 |
| Acting with awareness | 29.17 (5.41) | 26.80 (4.47) | 28.10 (4.83) | 28.63 (5.15) | 29.20 (5.05) | 30.28 (5.08) | 3.310 (1.523, 5.097) | <0.001* | 3.359 (1.943, 4.775) | <0.001* |
| Non-judging of inner experience | 29.56 (5.87) | 28.18 (4.82) | 28.63 (4.87) | 28.92 (5.48) | 29.10 (5.81) | 29.30 (5.84) | 1.305 (−0.306, 2.916) | 0.111 | 0.915 (−0.479, 2.309) | 0.197 |
| Non-reactivity to inner experience | 18.12 (5.26) | 19.67 (3.93) | 19.41 (4.46) | 19.80 (4.96) | 19.18 (4.59) | 18.57 (4.69) | −2.056 (−3.546, −0.565) | 0.007* | −2.454 (−3.865, −1.042) | <0.001* |
FFMQ Five Facets Mindfulness Questionnaire, LMM Linear Mixed Effect Model, n number, SD standard deviation, SLE Stressful life event.
*p < 0.05, bold and asterisked.
aRaw mean calculated based on the indicated sample size.
bAge is included as covariate.