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. 2024 Dec 19;7:1669. doi: 10.1038/s42003-024-07342-8

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© The Author(s) 2024

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License, which permits any non-commercial use, sharing, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if you modified the licensed material. You do not have permission under this licence to share adapted material derived from this article or parts of it. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/.

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Fig. 2 — a Schematic representation of the experimental design for transcriptome analysis. E9.5 embryos were dissected between the 12th and 13th somite, and the posterior trunks were subjected to bulk RNA-seq analysis. b Numbers of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) observed in Prtg^+/+ vs Prtg^+/⁻, Prtg^+/+ vs Prtg⁻^/⁻, and Prtg^+/⁻ vs Prtg⁻^/⁻ embryos. DEGs were identified using edgeR with FDR < 0.05 as the cutoff. c Heatmap of DEGs in the Prtg^+/+, Prtg^+/⁻^, and Prtg⁻^/⁻ samples. A total of 529 DEGs were identified between the control (Prtg^+/+ and Prtg^+/⁻) and Prtg⁻^/⁻ samples, among which 267 and 262 genes were up-regulated and down-regulated in the Prtg⁻^/⁻ samples, respectively. d Diseases or Functions Annotation generated via Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA) illustrating the significant association of Prtg-regulated genes with body axis development. e Heatmap illustrating the fold change in Hox gene expression observed in Prtg⁻^/⁻ samples relative to control embryos (Prtg^+/+ and Prtg^+/⁻), derived from RNA-seq data. f The expression levels of Prtg, Hoxb6, Hoxb7, Hoxb8, Hoxb9, Hoxc9, Hoxd9, Hoxa10, and Hoxc10 in the posterior trunk samples of Prtg^+/+, Prtg^+/⁻^, and Prtg⁻^/⁻ embryos were quantified using RT-qPCR. Tbp was used as the reference gene. Data are presented as the mean ± SEM. Statistical significance relative to Prtg^+/+ is indicated (n = 4 for each bar; ^*p < 0.05; ^**p < 0.01; ^***p < 0.001, by one-way ANOVA).