Illustration of the Asian macaques’ reaching southwest East Asia during the Pliocene,
after migrating from Africa, and their dispersal routes in Southeast and East Asia,
which are modified according to (Li et al. 2020; Zhang et al. 2022). It illustrates
the entrance of the ConvergenceDivergence Center (CDC), dispersion along three major
rivers in China, and migration through the landbridges along the coastal lines formed
during the glaciation in the Pleistocene.