Table 3. Factors Associated With Goals and Timinga.
| Characteristic | Palliative goals | Nonpalliative goals | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Initial | Middle | Late | ||||||
| OR (95% CI) | P value | OR (95% CI) | P value | OR (95% CI) | P value | OR (95% CI) | P value | |
| Age at death, y | ||||||||
| 12-24 | 1 [Reference] | NA | 1 [Reference] | NA | 1 [Reference] | NA | 1 [Reference] | NA |
| 25-39 | 0.79 (0.69-0.90) | <.001 | 1.08 (0.91-1.30) | .40 | 1.33 (1.09-1.61) | <.01 | 1.34 (1.09-1.65) | <.01 |
| Year of death | 1.07 (1.07-1.07) | <.001 | 1.11 (1.11-1.11) | <.001 | 1.14 (1.13-1.14) | <.001 | 1.13 (1.13-1.13) | <.001 |
| Sex | ||||||||
| Female | 1 [Reference] | .50 | 1 [Reference] | .40 | 1 [Reference] | .20 | 1 [Reference] | .06 |
| Male | 0.96 (0.83-1.10) | 1.08 (0.90-1.29) | 1.12 (0.95-1.33) | 1.20 (0.99-1.46) | ||||
| Race | ||||||||
| Asian | 1.75 (1.61-1.91) | <.001 | 1.38 (1.26-1.51) | <.001 | 0.82 (0.67-1.00) | .05 | 0.77 (0.69-0.85) | <.001 |
| Black or African American | 0.61 (0.59-0.62) | <.001 | 0.75 (0.72-0.78) | <.001 | 0.69 (0.58-0.83) | <.001 | 0.76 (0.68-0.85) | <.001 |
| White | 1 [Reference] | NA | 1 [Reference] | NA | 1 [Reference] | NA | 1 [Reference] | NA |
| Other race or not documentedb | 1.39 (1.19-1.63) | <.001 | 1.23 (1.05-1.44) | .01 | 0.81 (0.65-1.02) | .07 | 1.26 (1.05-1.52) | .01 |
| Ethnicity | ||||||||
| Hispanic or Latino | 0.48 (0.42-0.55) | <.001 | 0.53 (0.45-0.61) | <.001 | 0.67 (0.56-0.81) | <.001 | 0.56 (0.47-0.66) | <.001 |
| Not Hispanic or Latino | 1 [Reference] | NA | 1 [Reference] | NA | 1 [Reference] | NA | 1 [Reference] | NA |
| Not documented | 0.90 (0.81-1.00) | .04 | 0.71 (0.64-0.78) | <.001 | 0.89 (0.75-1.06) | .20 | 1.18 (1.02-1.36) | .02 |
| Cancer type | ||||||||
| Brain | 1 [Reference] | NA | 1 [Reference] | NA | 1 [Reference] | NA | 1 [Reference] | NA |
| Hematologic cancer | 0.29 (0.27-0.31) | <.001 | 0.25 (0.23-0.28) | <.001 | 0.52 (0.47-0.58) | <.001 | 0.88 (0.78-1.00) | .06 |
| Solid tumor | 0.49 (0.44-0.56) | <.001 | 0.58 (0.50-0.67) | <.001 | 0.66 (0.58-0.77) | <.001 | 0.84 (0.73-0.97) | .02 |
Abbreviations: NA, not applicable; OR, odds ratio.
a
Multinomial logistic regression model adjusted for site, relative to adolescent and young adult patients with no documented discussion about goals of care.
b
Other races included: American Indian or Alaska Native, Asian Indian, Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander, more than 1 race, decline to state, or unknown.