Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of 10,596 participants.
| Characteristic | Overall |
|---|---|
| Age, years | |
| Mean ± SD | 59.01 ± 9.43 |
| <60 | 6,002 (56.8%) |
| ≥60 | 4,567 (43.2%) |
| Gender | |
| Male | 4,978 (47.1%) |
| Female | 5,591 (52.9%) |
| Marital status | |
| Married | 8,736 (82.7%) |
| Other | 1,833 (17.3%) |
| Residence | |
| Urban | 3,861 (36.5%) |
| Rural | 6,708 (63.5%) |
| Education level | |
| No formal education | 3,076 (29.1%) |
| Primary school | 4,235 (40.1%) |
| Middle or high school | 2,874 (27.2%) |
| College or above | 384 (3.6%) |
| Body mass index, kg/m2a | |
| <18.5 | 610 (5.8%) |
| 18.5–23.9 | 4,677 (44.3%) |
| 24.0–27.9 | 2,628 (24.9%) |
| ≥28.0 | 1,036 (9.8%) |
| Smoking statusa | |
| Never | 6,387 (60.4%) |
| Former | 883 (8.4%) |
| Current | 3,089 (29.2%) |
| Drinking statusa | |
| Never | 6,187 (58.5%) |
| Former | 869 (8.2%) |
| Current | 3,502 (33.1%) |
| History of comorbidities | |
| Diabetesa | 641 (6.1%) |
| Hypertensiona | 4,193 (39.7%) |
| Heart diseasea | 1,280 (12.1%) |
| Dyslipidemiaa | 1,034 (9.8%) |
| Kidney diseasea | 616 (5.8%) |
| History of medication use | |
| Diabetes medicationsa | 415 (3.9%) |
| Hypertension medicationsa | 2,080 (19.7%) |
| Dyslipidaemia medicationsa | 518 (4.9%) |
| Blood pressure, mmHg | |
| Systolica | 129.61 ± 21.46 |
| Diastolica | 75.36 ± 12.22 |
| HbA1c, %a | 5.27 ± 0.82 |
| Median hsCRP (IQR), mg/L | 1.04 (0.56, 2.21) |
| Median eGFR (IQR), ml/min/1.73 m2a | 73.41 (53.75, 96.81) |
| FBG, mg/dl | 110.32 ± 36.92 |
| TC, mg/dl | 193.26 ± 37.89 |
| Median triglycerides (IQR), mg/dl | 107.08 (76.11, 156.65) |
| HDL-C, mg/dl | 50.84 ± 15.01 |
| LDL-C, mg/dl | 116.52 ± 34.77 |
| TyG indexb | 8.70 ± 0.65 |
| RC, mg/dlc | 20.10 (11.98, 32.09) |
Data were presented as mean ± SD or n (%), unless otherwise specified.
eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration ratio; FBG, fast blood glucose; HbA1c, glycated hemoglobin; HDL-C, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; hsCRP, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein; IQR, interquartile range; LDL-C, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; RC, remnant cholesterol; SD, standard deviation; TC, total cholesterol; TyG, triglyceride-glucose.
Missing data: 1,618 for body mass index, 210 for smoking status, 11 for drinking status, 96 for diabetes, 1,123 for hypertension, 41 for heart disease, 206 for dyslipidemia, 52 for kidney disease, 97 for history of medication use for diabetes, 59 for history of medication use for hypertension, 213 for history of medication use for dyslipidemia, 1,590 for systole blood pressure, 1,591 for diastolic blood pressure, 92 for HbA1c, 1 for eGFR.
TyG index was calculated by the formula ln[Triglyceride (mg/dl) × Fasting blood glucose (mg/dl)/2].
RC was calculated by the formula TC (mg/dl)—LDL-C (mg/dl)—HDL-C (mg/dl).