Table 4.
COVID-19 vaccine acceptance, and their associations, N (%).
| Variable | N | Strongly accept | Accept | Neutral | Refuse | Strongly refuse | X2 | P-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total | 1043 | 169 (16.2) | 428 (41.0) | 206 (19.8) | 113 (10.8) | 127 (12.2) | ||
| Age | 24.629 | .017 | ||||||
| 18–30 | 801 (76.8) | 128 (16.0) | 319 (39.8) | 166 (20.7) | 97 (12.1) | 91 (11.4) | ||
| 31–40 | 121 (11.6) | 13 (10.7) | 57 (47.1) | 27 (22.3) | 6 (5.0) | 18 (14.9) | ||
| 41–50 | 73 (7.0) | 15 (20.5) | 32 (43.8) | 11 (15.1) | 4 (5.5) | 11 (15.1) | ||
| >50 | 48 (4.6) | 13 (27.1) | 20 (41.7) | 2 (4.2) | 6 (12.5) | 7 (14.6) | ||
| Gender | 4.222 | .377 | ||||||
| Female | 751 (72.0) | 119 (15.8) | 311 (41.4) | 140 (18.6) | 82 (10.9) | 99 (13.2) | ||
| Male | 292 (28.0) | 50 (17.1) | 117 (40.1) | 66 (22.6) | 31 (10.6) | 28 (9.6) | ||
| Marital status | 5.963 | .202 | ||||||
| Married | 227 (21.8) | 36 (15.9) | 106 (46.7) | 38 (16.7) | 18 (7.9) | 29 (12.8) | ||
| Unmarried | 816 (78.2) | 133 (16.3) | 322 (39.5) | 168 (20.6) | 95 (11.6) | 98 (12.0) | ||
| Educational level | 20.235 | .210 | ||||||
| High school | 302 (29.0) | 49 (16.2) | 112 (37.1) | 62 (20.5) | 38 (12.6) | 41 (13.6) | ||
| Diploma | 113 (10.8) | 16 (14.2) | 45 (39.8) | 25 (22.1) | 8 (7.1) | 19 (16.8) | ||
| Bachelor’s | 323 (31.0) | 47 (14.6) | 137 (42.4) | 68 (21.1) | 40 (12.4) | 31 (9.6) | ||
| Post-graduate | 142 (13.6) | 33 (23.2) | 62 (43.7) | 24 (16.9) | 10 (7.0) | 13 (9.2) | ||
| Uneducated | 163 (15.6) | 24 (14.7) | 72 (44.2) | 27 (16.6) | 17 (10.4) | 23 (14.1) | ||
| Nationality | 6.104 | .192 | ||||||
| Libyan citizen | 1001 (96.0) | 165 (16.5) | 120 (12.0) | 196 (19.6) | 105 (10.5) | 415 (41.5) | ||
| International citizen | 42 (4.0) | 4 (9.5) | 7 (16.7) | 10 (23.8) | 8 (19.0) | 13 (31.0) | ||
| Geographical location | 4.669 | .792 | ||||||
| Eastern-Libya | 885 (84.9) | 142 (16.0) | 362 (40.9) | 181 (20.5) | 94 (10.6) | 106 (12.0) | ||
| Western-Libya | 137 (13.1) | 25 (18.2) | 56 (40.9) | 23 (16.8) | 15 (10.9) | 18 (13.1) | ||
| Southern-Libya | 21 | 2 (9.5) | 10 (47.6) | 2 (9.5) | 4 (19.0) | 3 (14.3) | ||
| Employment status | 11.560 | .482 | ||||||
| In the health sector | 112 (10.7) | 19 (17.0) | 46 (41.1) | 23 (20.5) | 7 (6.3) | 17 (15.2) | ||
| Other sectors | 237 (22.7) | 39 (16.5) | 107 (45.1) | 38 (16.0) | 25 (10.5) | 28 (11.8) | ||
| Student | 650 (62.3) | 107 (16.5) | 257 (39.5) | 137 (21.1) | 76 (11.7) | 73 (11.2) | ||
| Unemployed | 44 (4.2) | 4 (9.1) | 18 (40.9) | 8 (18.2) | 5 (11.4) | 9 (20.5) | ||
| Monthly incomea | 7.012 | .857 | ||||||
| Less than < 1000 LYD | 270 (25.9) | 48 (17.8) | 103 (38.1) | 57 (21.1) | 25 (9.3) | 37 (13.7) | ||
| 1000 – 2500 LYD | 179 (17.2) | 35 (19.6) | 77 (43.0) | 30 (16.8) | 14 (7.8) | 23 (12.8) | ||
| 2500 – 4000 LYD | 52 (5.0) | 11 (21.2) | 24 (46.2) | 9 (17.3) | 5 (9.6) | 3 (5.8) | ||
| More than 4000 LYD | 20 (1.9) | 5 (25.0) | 6 (30.0) | 3 (15.0) | 2 (10.0) | 4 (20.0) | ||
| I prefer not to disclose | 522 (50.0) | 70 (13.4) | 218 (41.8) | 107 (20.5) | 67 (12.8) | 60 (11.5) | ||
| Source of information regarding COVID-19 | 93.674 | <.001 | ||||||
| World Health Organization (WHO) | 360 (34.5) | 77 (21.4) | 168 (46.7) | 61 (16.9) | 27 (7.5) | 27 (7.5) | ||
| National Center for Disease Control (NCDC) | 160 (15.3) | 26 (16.3) | 84 (52.5) | 27 (16.9) | 15 (9.4) | 8 (5.0) | ||
| Social media | 69 (6.6) | 12 (17.4) | 17 (24.6) | 19 (27.5) | 11 (15.9) | 10 (14.5) | ||
| more than one source | 325 (31.2) | 42 (12.9) | 111 (34.2) | 58 (17.8) | 44 (13.5) | 70 (21.5) | ||
| News and media | 78 (7.5) | 9 (11.5) | 32 (41.0) | 25 (32.1) | 7 (9.0) | 5 (6.4) | ||
| Relying on the opinions of the community | 51 (4.9) | 3 (5.9) | 16 (31.4) | 16 (31.4) | 9 (17.6) | 7 (13.7) | ||
| History of COVID-19 infection | 21.423 | .163 | ||||||
| Never by either symptoms or tests | 437 (41.9) | 74 (16.9) | 178 (40.7) | 78 (17.8) | 45 (10.3) | 62 (14.2) | ||
| Had COVID symptoms but not confirmed by a test |
213 (20.4) | 21 (9.9) | 90 (42.3) | 49 (23.0) | 25 (11.7) | 28 (13.1) | ||
| Confirmed once | 288 (27.6) | 61 (21.2) | 113 (39.2) | 55 (19.1) | 33 (11.5) | 26 (9.0) | ||
| Confirmed twice | 101 (9.7) | 13 (12.9) | 45 (44.6) | 22 (21.8) | 10 (9.9) | 11 (10.9) | ||
| Confirmed three times | 4 (0.4) | 0 | 2 (50) | 2 (50) | 0 | 0 | ||
| COVID-19 vaccination status | ||||||||
| Unvaccinated | 453 (43.4) | 17 (3.8) | 99 (21.9) | 132 (29.1) | 90 (19.9) | 115 (25.4) | ||
| Vaccinated | 590 (56.6) | 152 (25.8) | 329 (55.8) | 74 (12.5) | 12 (2.0) | 23 (3.9) | ||
| Single dose | 178 (17.1) | 33 (18.5) | 90 (50.6) | 39 (21.9) | 11 (6.2) | 5 (2.8) | ||
| Two-doses | 359 (34.4) | 98 (27.3) | 211 (58.8) | 33 (9.2) | 11 (3.1) | 6 (1.7) | ||
| Two-doses and a booster | 53 (5.1) | 21 (39.6) | 28 (52.8) | 2 (3.8) | 1 (1.9) | 1 (1.9) |
A p-value of less than .05 indicates statistical significance. aChi-square test was done without including the last option (df = 12, N = 521). Abbreviations. X2: Chi-square test. LYD: Libyan dinar.