Table 5.
Relation of a priori diet quality patterns with visceral adipose tissue (VAT) – part 2
| Author Year | DQP* | Baseline VAT† | VAT-effect measures by DQP‡ |
P | Body size adjusted | Association with VAT§ |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| De Amicis 2020(35) | MED | 5·3 ± 2·7 cm | C: 0·01 (–0·08, 0·11) cm | ≥0·05 | Y | → |
| Bellissimo 2020(38) | MED | 0·88 kg | C: −0·06 ± 0·02 (±se) kg | 0·003 | N | ↓ |
| Bertoli 2015(27) | MED | 4·6 (3·2–6·5) mm | C: −0·05 (–0·08, −0·01) cm3 | <0·05 | N | ↓ |
| Flor-Alemany 2020(66) | MED | 647 ± 295 g | r = −0·11 | ≥0·05 | N | → |
| Galmes-Panades 2019(42) | MED | 2·29 ± 0·89 kg | C: −7·16 (–23·7, 9·34) g | 0·40 | N | → |
| Hennein 2019(28) | MED | Q1:1735 cm3
Q4:1744 cm3 |
Q1: 715 (646, 784) cm3
Q4: 595 (533, 657) cm3 C: −50 (–86, −14) cm3 |
0·007 | Y | ↓ |
| Holthaus 2023(43) | MED | 608 ± 324 g | C: −0·19 g | <0·01 | N | ↓ |
| DASH | 608 ± 324 g | C: −0·22 g | <0·01 | N | ↓ | |
| Jennings 2024(46) | aMED | 4·1 ± 2·2 L | T1: 4·5 (4·2,4·7) l T3: 3·8 (3·5,4·1) L |
<0·01 | Y | ↓ |
| Lopes 2023(49) | MED | 142 ± 238 cm3 | Low: 267 ± 334 cm3
High: 106 ± 155 cm3 |
0·005 | N | ↓ |
| Maskarinec 2017(51) | aMED | 168 ± 84 cm2 | T1: 173 (169, 178) cm2
T3: 163 (159, 168) cm2 |
NA | Y | ↓ |
| DASH | 168 ± 84 cm2 | T1: 179 (174, 183) cm2
T3: 160 (155, 165) cm2 |
NA | Y | ↓ | |
| Bellissimo 2020(38) | DASH | 0·88 kg | C: −0·18 ± 0·04 kg (±se) | <0·001 | N | ↓ |
| Shah 2016(56) | Diet Quality Score | NA | Q1: 524 (499, 550) cm2/m Q4: 461 (440, 482) cm2/m C: −0·009 cm2/m |
<0·01 | Y | ↓ |
| Ratjen 2020(21) | PDI | 3·8 (2·4–5·1) dm3 | T1: Ref T3: −3·0 (–8·6, 4·1) % C: −2·0 (–6·8, 2·0) % |
NA | Y | → |
| hPDI | 3·8 (2·4–5·1) dm3 | T1: Ref T3: −5·8 (–12·2, 0·2) % C: −4·9 (–8·6, −2·0) % |
NA | Y | ↓ | |
| uPDI | 3·8 (2·4–5·1) dm3 | T1: Ref T3: 5·1 (–1·0, 11·6) % C: 3·0 (–1·0, 7·3) % |
NA | Y | → | |
| Corrêa 2022(39) | E-DII | T1–T3: 412, 449, 1026 g |
T1: Ref T2: −614 (-492, 385) g T3: 594 (168, 1019) g |
0·13 | Y | ↑ |
| Lozano 2022(50) | E-DII | T1–T3: 142, 168, 192 cm2 |
C: 4·61 (2·95, 6·27) cm2 | NA | Y | ↑ |
| Mtintsilana 2019(54) | E-DII | 165 ± 62 cm2 | C: 16·9 (8·3, 25·5) cm2 | <0·0001 | N | ↑ |
| Fridén 2022(41) | UPF | 3·2 (1·7–4·5) L | LnVAT: 0·01 (0·002, 0·02) | 0·02 | Y | ↑ |
| Liu 2023(48) | UPF | NA | QT1: 97 (93–100) QT5: 106 (102–110) |
<0·001 | N | ↑ |
| Shim 2023(57) | UPF | 0·9 ± 0·6 kg | 0·025 (–0·018 to 0·068) | NA | N | → |
| Odedaard 2022(55) | Fast-food intake | NA | 0–1×/mo: 99 (91, 105) cm3
≥3×/wk: 146 (140, 151) cm3 |
<0·0001 | N | ↑ |
*
aMED, Alternate Mediterranean Diet Score; DASH, Dietary Approach to Stop Hypertension; DQP, Diet Quality Pattern; E-DII, Energy-Adjusted Dietary Inflammatory Index; hPDI, healthy PDI; MED, Mediterranean Diet Score; PDI, plant-based diet index; UPF, ultra-processed food; uPDI, unhealthy PDI.
†
Mean ± sd or median (IQR).
‡
C, continuous score, values reported as ß (95 % CI) unless specified; T, tertile; Q, quartile; QT, quintile; r, Pearson correlation coefficient.
§
↑, significant positive association; ↓, significant inverse association; →, no association.