Table 6.
Relation of a posteriori diet quality patterns with visceral adipose tissue
| Author, Year | DQP* | Baseline VAT† | Effect measures for VAT by DQP‡ | P | Body size adjusted | Association with VAT§ |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| De Paula Mancilha 2022(58) | Natural/minimally (F) | NA | C: 0·15 ± 0·02 kg (ß ± s d) | Y | → | |
| Ultra-processed (F) | NA | C: 0·11 ± 0·01 kg (ß ± s d) | 0·25 | Y | → | |
| Natural/minimally (M) | NA | C: 0·14 ± 0·01 kg (ß ± s d) | Y | ↑ | ||
| Ultra-processed (M) | NA | C: 0·18 ± 0·02 kg (ß ± s d) | 0·02 | Y | ↑ | |
| Di Giuseppe 2019(59) | Dietary pattern score | 3·9 (2·4–5·2) dm3 | C: −0·12 (–0·19; −0·05) dm3 | N | ↓ | |
| Fischer 2015(60) | PCA-1 | 4·1 ± 2·1 dm3 | C: 0·01 (–0·05, 0·06) dm3 | 0·8 | Y | → |
| PCA-2 | 4·1 ± 2·1 dm3 | C: 0·03 (–0·02, 0·09) dm3 | 0·2 | Y | → | |
| PCA-3 | 4·1 ± 2·1 dm3 | C: −0·03 (–0·08, 0·01) dm3 | 0·1 | Y | → | |
| PCA-4 | 4·1 ± 2·1 dm3 | C: −0·02 (–0·07, 0·03) dm3 | 0·4 | Y | → | |
| PCA-5 | 4·1 ± 2·1 dm3 | C: −0·02 (–0·07, 0·03) dm3 | 0·4 | Y | → | |
| PCA-6 | 4·1 ± 2·1 dm3 | C: −0·03 (–0·08, 0·02) dm3 | 0·2 | Y | → | |
| PCA-7 | 4·1 ± 2·1 dm3 | C: <0·001 (–0·05, 0·05) dm3 | 0·99 | Y | → | |
| PCA-8 | 4·1 ± 2·1 dm3 | C: −0·06 (–0·10, −0·01) dm3 | 0·01 | Y | ↓ | |
| PCA-9 | 4·1 ± 2·1 dm3 | C: 0·02 (–0·03, 0·07) dm3 | 0·40 | Y | → | |
| PLS-1 | 4·1 ± 2·1 dm3 | C: −0·02 (–0·07, 0·03) dm3 | 0·40 | Y | → | |
| PLS-2 | 4·1 ± 2·1 dm3 | C: 0·06 (0·01, 0·11) dm3 | 0·02 | Y | ↑ | |
| Ito 2019(61) | Healthy Japanese dietary pattern F | T1: 50·9 ± 28·3 cm2
T3: 46·2 ± 22·5 cm2 |
T1: 51·1 (44·4, 57·9) cm2
T3: 45·5 (38·2, 52·7) cm2 |
0·27 | N | → |
| Healthy Japanese dietary pattern M | T1: 97·7 ± 40·2 cm2
T3: 76·9 ± 37·8 cm2 |
T1: 94·0 (85·6, 102·4) cm2
T3: 80·4 (72·5, 88·4) cm2 |
0·03 | N | ↓ | |
| Seafood and alcohol dietary pattern F | T1: 54·4 ± 27·6 cm2
T3: 53·7 ± 33·8 cm2 |
T1: 56·7 (49·2, 64·3) cm2
T3: 51·3 (44·0, 58·7) cm2 |
0·34 | N | → | |
| Seafood and alcohol dietary pattern M | T1: 84·4 ± 41·5 cm2
T3: 90·0 ± 42·7 cm2 |
T1: 86·5 (78·0, 95·0) cm2
T3: 89·3 (81·2, 97·4) cm2 |
0·66 | N | → | |
| Liu 2013(26) | Fast-food US dietary pattern | T1: 691 ± 17 cm3
T3: 731 ± 19 cm3 |
OR: T1:1 T3: 1·52 (0·8, 2·3) |
0·14 | N | → |
| Prudent US dietary pattern | T1: 714 ± 20 cm3
T3: 721 ± 18 cm3 |
OR: T1:1 T3: 0·91 (0·6, 1·3) |
0·61 | N | → | |
| Southern US dietary pattern | T1: 681 ± 18 cm3
T3: 764 ± 18 cm3 |
OR: T1:1 T3: 1·80 (1·1, 3·0) |
0·02 | N | ↑ | |
| Makura-Kank- wende 2020(62) |
Animal driven | 100 (74–128) cm2 | C: 9·88 (5·13, 14·63) cm2 | <0·001 | N | ↑ |
| Plant driven | 100 (74–128) cm2 | C: 2·06 (–3·12, 7·23) cm2 | 0·43 | N | → | |
| Vit C, sugar, potassium | 100 (74–128) cm2 | C: −1·09 (–4·97, 2·80) cm2 | 0·58 | N | → | |
| Makura-Kank-wende 2022(63) | Animal driven | 108 (70–137) cm2 | C: 5·79 (0·01, 11·57) cm2 | <0·05 | Y | ↑ |
| Plant driven | 108 (70–137) cm2 | C: −4·04 cm2 | ≥0·1 | Y | → | |
| Vit C, sugar, potassium | 108 (70–137) cm2 | C: 0·01 cm2 | ≥0·1 | Y | → | |
| Ratshikombo 2021(64) | Animal driven | M: 87·4 ± 46·0 cm2
F: 104·1 ± 44·3 cm2 |
C: 1·62 (–0·90, 3·94) cm2 | 0·22 | Y | → |
| Plant driven | M: 87·4 ± 46·0 cm2
F: 104·1 ± 44·3 cm2 |
C: 1·12 (–1·28, 3·53) cm2 | 0·36 | Y | → | |
| Retinol and vitamin B12 driven | M: 87·4 ± 46·0 cm2
F: 104·1 ± 44·3 cm2 |
C: 4·15 (1·86, 6·44) cm2 | <0·001 | Y | ↑ | |
| Vit C, sugar, potassium | M: 87·4 ± 46·0 cm2
F: 104·1 ± 44·3 cm2 |
C: 0·79 (–1·63, 3·21) cm2 | 0·52 | Y | → | |
| Yin 2020(65) | Rice-meat pattern | F: 182 (142–224) cm2
M: 124 (100–155) cm2 |
r = 0·035 | 0·40 | N | → |
| r = −0·007 | 0·89 | N | → | |||
| Seafood-eggs | F: 182 (142–224) cm2
M: 124 (100–155) cm2 |
r = 0·061 | 0·15 | N | → | |
| r = 0·032 | 0·53 | N | → | |||
| Sweet-fast | F: 182 (142–224) cm2
M: 124 (100–155) cm2 |
r = 0·012 | 0·78 | N | → | |
| r = 0·20 | <0·001* | N | ↑ | |||
| Vegetable-fruits | F: 182 (142–224) cm2
M: 124 (100–155) cm2 |
r = −0·099 | 0·02 | N | ↓ | |
| r = −0·111 | 0·03 | N | ↓ |
*
PCA, principal component analysis; PLS, partial least squares regression.
†
Reported as mean ± sd or median (IQR).
‡
Unless specified, values reported as ß (95 % CI) or for tertiles, values are lowest (T1) and highest tertile (T3); C: continuous; r: Pearson coefficient.
§
↑, significant positive association; ↓, significant inverse association; →, no association.