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. 2024 Dec 20;56:78. doi: 10.1186/s12711-024-00946-y

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© The Author(s) 2024

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data.

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Fig. 3 — Results from the ancestral-haplotype-based GWAS and ancestral haplotype analysis. a Results from ancestral-haplotype-based GWAS, candidate genes overlapping with the peaks are presented (The dashed black horizontal line shows the FDR < 5% cutoff). b Estimates of effects of haplotypes of different ancestral origins in major QTLs. Red points indicate haplotypes from the HQLA population; blue points indicate haplotypes from the HB population. c Ancestral haplotype analysis for blocks that cover the MUSTN1 gene. Six haplotypes were retrieved from the HB population (nhap = 2) and the HQLA population (nhap = 6) with haplotype frequencies > 0.05. Red bars (_1) indicates haplotypes exclusive to the HQLA population, blue bars (_0) indicates haplotypes exclusive to the HB population, orange bars indicate haplotypes absent in both populations. d Ancestral haplotype analysis for blocks covering the HTR2A gene. Four haplotypes were retrieved from the HB population (nhap = 3) and the HQLA population (nhap = 2) with haplotype frequencies > 0.05