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. 2024 Dec 19;24:1517. doi: 10.1186/s12903-024-05280-9

Table 2.

Description of linear and angular measurements

Measurements Annotation Description Image view
Linear al_al Nose width (inter-alar distance) F
al_prn Pronasale to alar base F
ac_ac Anatomical width of the nose F
ac_prn Length of the ala F
sbal_sbal Subalare width F
sbal_sn Subalare to subnasale F
sbal_cph Upper lip lateral length F
cph_cph Width of philtrum F
ls_sto Vermilion height of the upper lip F
sto_li Vermilion height of the lower lip F
sn_sto Height of the upper lip F
sto_gn Height of the mandible F
ch_ch Width of the mouth/ length of labial fissure F
n_sto Height of the upper face F
sn_gn Height of the lower face F
tr_sn Depth of middle third of the face L
n_sn Nose height L
sn_prn Nasal tip protrusion L
Angular ∠tri_ch_pg Angle formed by trichion, chelion and pogonion F
∠ch_sn_ch Angle formed by right chelion, subnasale and left chelion F
∠ch_pg_ch Angle formed by right chelion, pogonion and left chelion F
∠sn_ch_pg Angle formed by subnasale, chelion and pogonion F
∠g_n_prn Nasofrontal angle L
∠g_prn_pg Total facial convexity L
∠cm_sn_ls Nasolabial angle L
∠li_sm_pg Mentolabial angle L

F Frontal, L Lateral