Table 3.
The eccDNA/ecDNA-related genes and their functions in different cancers
| Neoplasms | EccDNA/ecDNA-related genes | Function |
|---|---|---|
| Bladder cancer | APOBEC3 [43] | Progression |
| Breast cancer | HER2 [222, 223]; ERBB2 [87]; MIR6748 [224] | Progression & Therapeutic target |
| FAT2, CTNNB1, CACNA2D2, CACNA1D [225] | Prognostic biomarker | |
| Cervical cancer | RAD54 [221] | Drug resistance |
| Colorectal cancer | DHFR [48, 218, 226]; HER2, EGFR [227, 228]; c-myb [229]; DNA-PKcs [217, 218] | Drug resistance |
| Gastric cancer | MIR433, MIR548w, MIR1206 [107] | Progression |
| Glioblastoma | EGFRvIII [87, 176, 230] | Progression & drug resistance |
| Hepatocellular carcinoma | SLC16A3, BAIAP2L2 [231]; MIR1792 [232] | Prognostic biomarker |
| Leukaemia | MYC, MYCN [195–197]; ATRX, DAXX [233]; APB [28] | Progression |
| Melanoma | BRAF [183]; LIG4 [17] | Drug resistance |
| Neuroblastoma | MYCN [177] | Progression |
| Non-small cell lung cancer | PLCG2 [203]; PDZRN3, LGR6 [204, 205] | Prognostic biomarker |
| Oral squamous cell carcinoma | RAB3B [189] | Drug resistance |
| Ovarian cancer | PIK3CA, MCL1, MYCN, DHFR, eIF-5A2 [10, 213, 234–236]; MAR [237] | Progression |
| Perihilar cholangiocarcinoma (pCCA) | ALDH3B2, RACGAP1, PDE4D, SCAPER, STX18 [147] | Prognostic biomarker |
| Prostate cancer | FAM84B [145] | Progression |
| Thyroid cancer | MIR1203 [238] | Non-invasive diagnostic Biomarker |