Table 2.

Surgery-related data of patients in two groups

	DAA (n = 52)	PLA (n = 89)	t or Z	P value	Cohen’s d	95%CI
Operation time (x ± s, min)	84.33 ± 21.121	85.06 ± 17.492	−0.221	0.825	−0.037	−0.729(−7.253, 5.795)
Incision length (x ± s, cm)	7.21 ± 0.800	11.99 ± 0.898	−31.693	0.000	−5.621	−4.777(−5.075, −4.479)
Blood loss (x ± s, ml)	129.81 ± 108.583	380.34 ± 177.357	−10.401	0.000	−1.704	−250.529(−304.261, −196.798)
Blood transfusion (x ± s, ml)	50.00 ± 129.099	86.52 ± 160.036	−1.400	0.164	−0.251	−36.517(−88.087, 15.053)
Hemoglobin drop (x ± s, g/L)	27.79 ± 6.527	47.71 ± 12.890	−12.154	0.000	−1.950	−19.919(−23.160, −16.678)
Albumin drop (x ± s, g/L)	8.94 ± 2.615	11.56 ± 2.435	−5.996	0.000	−1.037	−2.619(−3.483, −1.756)
Postoperative time to ambulation (x ± s, d)	5.50 ± 17.105	6.78 ± 16.572	−0.436	0.664	−0.076	−1.275(−7.063, 4.512)
Hospitalization days (x ± s, d)	7.38 ± 3.011	9.90 ± 3.205	−4.594	0.000	−0.810	−2.514(−3.596, −1.432)
VAS score one month post-surgery (x ± s)	2.17 ± 1.987	3.98 ± 1.901	−5.348	0.000	−0.931	−1.804(−2.472, −1.137)
VAS score six months post-surgery (x ± s)	0.69 ± 1.197	0.72 ± 1.279	−0.123	0.902	−0.024	−0.027(−0.458, 0.404)
Harris score one month post-surgery (x ± s)	82.98 ± 5.853	74.25 ± 7.491	7.692	0.000	1.299	8.734(6.487, 10.980)
Harris score six months post-surgery (x ± s)	87.75 ± 5.800	81.60 ± 6.045	5.920	0.000	1.038	6.154(4.099, 8.210)

VAS visual analogue scale