Table 3.

Calculated kinetic parameters (reaction rate constant and activation energies) for glucose, mannose and galactose conversion in three different reaction medium. * Refers to the values calculated from [18].

	Calculated reaction rate constants at 175 °C and activation energies in hot liquid water [min−1, kJ mol−1]			Calculated reaction rate constants at 175 °C and activation energies in sulfuric acid [L mol−1 min−1, kJ mol−1]			Calculated reaction rate constants at 130 °C and activation energies in formic acid [L mol−1 min−1, kJ mol−1]
	Glucose*	Mannose	Galactose	Glucose	Mannose	Galactose	Glucose	Mannose	Galactose
k1	1.4×10−3	1.8×10−3	1.0×10−3	1.9×10−1	1.4×10−1	1.4×10−1	1.3×10−2	1.8×10−2	1.6×10−2
Ea1	85	117	125	158	148	173	139	143	145
k2	3.6× 10−3	3.6× 10−3 *	3.6× 10−3 *	5.4×10−1	5.4×10−1	5.4×10−1	6.5×10−2	6.5×10−2	6.5×10−2
Ea2	106	106	106	107	107	107	91	91	91
k3	2.9×10−7	6.0×10−7	5.6×10−8	6.0×10−3	3.2×10−2	1.7×10−2	4.5×10−3	1.3×10−3	2.1×10−3
Ea3	78	48	101	62	107	61	106	119	102
k4	1.2×10−3	4.5×10−3	3.0×10−3	4.6×10−2	2.7×10−1	1.0×10−1	/	/	/
Ea4	98	163	147	174	169	167
k4r	1.4×10−3	2.3×10−3	3.5×10−2	5.1×10−1	1.7×10−3	2.7×10−2	/	/	/
Ea4r	120	153	140	93	27	47
k5	1.2× 10−2	1.2× 10−2	2.5× 10−2	2.5	2.5	1.3	/	/	/
Ea5	139	139	103	31	31	78
k6	1.3× 10−3	1.3× 10−3 *	1.0×10−2	3.8×10−2	3.8×10−2	1.7×10−2	/	/	/
Ea6	108	108 *	55	32	32	70
k7	/	/	/	1.2	1.2	1.2	7.6×10−2	7.6×10−2	7.6×10−2
Ea7				86	86	86	91	91	91
k8	/	/	/	3.6× 10−2	6.3×10−1	9.3×10−2	1.6×10−1	7.2×10−1	1.7×10−1
Ea8				66	76	83	40	78	87
k8r	/	/	/	2.2	6.2	1.8	3.9	11.5	4.2
Ea8r				35	43	83	36	46	70
k9	/	/	/	/	/	/	2.2×10−1	/	3.1×10−1
Ea9							35		50
k9r	/	/	/	/	/	/	6.2	/	3.3
Ea9r							36		41