Table 1.

The characteristics of included studies

Study Included	Year of Publication	Sample Size	Incidence of Delirium	Delirium Assessment Tool	Extracted Risk Factors	Reference
Cheng	2021	152	6.57%	CAM-ICU	Pre-operative depression	[6]
Jung	2015	133	18.04%	CAM-ICU, CAM	Pre-operative depression	[7]
Katznelson	2009	1059	11.52%	CAM-ICU	Pre-operative depression, CABG + valve surgery	[8]
Kazmierski	2014	113	36.28%	CAM-ICU	Pre-operative depression, post-operative AF	[9]
Kazmierski	2010	563	16.34%	DSM-IV	Pre-operative depression, pre-operative AF, age ≥ 65	[10]
Kazmierski	2006	260	11.53%	DSM-IV	Pre-operative depression, pre-operative AF, age ≥ 65	[11]
Krzych	2013	5781	4.08%	DSM-IV	Hypertension, age ≥ 65	[12]
Kupiec	2020	149	20.13%	CAM-ICU	Pre-operative depression, CPB time	[13]
Li	2022	379	63.85%	CAM-ICU	Age	[14]
Mariscalco	2012	3154	2.82%	CAM-ICU	Age, hypertension, post-operative AF, CABG + valve surgery	[15]
Mu	2010	243	50.61%	CAM-ICU	Age, diabetes mellitus	[16]
Nguyen	2023	285	19.64%	CAM-ICU	Age, post-operative AF, CPB time	[17]
Ogawa	2018	313	14.69%	ICDSC	Age	[18]
Oliveira	2018	173	34.1%	DSM-IV	Hypertension, post-operative AF	[19]
Osse	2012	125	46.4%	CAM-ICU	CABG + valve surgery	[20]
Santos	2004	220	33.63%	DSM-IV	Age, hypertension, post-operative AF	[21]
Smulter	2013	142	54.92%	DSM-IV	Age, diabetes mellitus	[22]
Vahdat	2019	296	22.97%	CAM-ICU	Age	[23]
Velayati	2020	398	17.08%	CAM-ICU	Hypertension	[24]
Wang	2020	186	15.59%	CAM-ICU	Age	[25]
Wang	2023	232	12.06%	CAM-ICU	CPB time	[26]
Zhang	2022	242	29.75%	CAM-ICU	Diabetes mellitus, post-operative AF, age ≥ 65	[27]
Zhang	2015	249	30.52%	CAM-ICU	pre-operative AF	[28]

CABG: coronary artery bypass graft surgery, AF: atrial fibrillation, CPB: cardiopulmonary bypass